Compare the descriptions of the four ghosts Essay

Dickens’ little Christmas book, ‘A Christmas Carol’, was one of many of Christmas novels, however the book, as well as selling six thousand copies in one week, has become Dickens most famous novel. Although the Victorians opinions of ghosts were conformist and modern day reader’s opinions are more lax; the variety of spectres ensured it appealed to both ages and revived the charitable meaning of Christmas for the Victorians. The first ghost Dickens introduces to the reader is Marley and he uses vivid adjectives to illustrate the typical conventions of a ghost. Some of these conventions are shown when Dickens writes, ‘The same face: the very same’, and describes his clothes as, ‘usual waistcoat, tights, and boots’. In saying that the ghost has, ‘the same’, face and clothes as the person it originated from, it conforms to the stereotypical image of a ghost. This makes the reader feel more comfortable with the opening of the novel; allowing the reader to make the prediction that the other ghosts would be similar. This successfully results in the reader being shocked later on in the book. Furthermore, Dickens uses personification to create the suspense and fearfulness that the reader would expect a ghost to do. This is evident with the quote, ‘ flame leaped up’, and, ‘it cried, â€Å"I know him! Marley’s ghost†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. When the flame, ‘leaped up’, it gives the effect that it has identified something so fearful that it has gave life to in-animate objects. This makes the reader desperate to find out why this ghost is so frightening. The flame also seems to detect that the ghost is Jacob Marley, which suits the idea that a ghost haunts someone that did wrong to them in their previous life. Adding to the terrifying image of the spectre, Dickens highlights the fear with the phrase, ‘disturbs the very marrow in his bones’. The phrase strengthens the idea that Marley is a typical spectre as a Victorian reader would expect Scrooge to be immensely scared of the ghost, this is because the conformist opinion was that ghosts we’re to be frightened of. Although Marley is overall a conventional ghost, Dickens does use a combination of metaphors and similes to add interesting original touches. These are found when the book says, ‘being provided with an infernal atmosphere of it’s own’, and, ‘as by the hot vapour from an oven’. The simile highlights the alteration between Scrooge and the ghost. One interpretation of this is that the simile is a representation of how a ghost sees the world from a different perspective then a human. The simile emphasises this interpretation and suggests that the difference between the perspectives of the two characters is that the ghost looks on the earth with envy as his own world as Marley’s own world agitates like, ‘hot vapour’. This is one of the first signs that the book will push the conformist boundaries of the after life; alerting the reader to the thought that this ghost has feelings, which is not expected from a Victorian audience. In contrast to the ghost of Jacob Marley, the ghost of Christmas past is strange and unconventional. Just as in the description of Marley, Dickens uses sound to build up suspense. For example, he describes the hour bell as, ‘hollow’. The use of this word may mean that the ghost is evil, however on the other hand it may suggest that it won’t use discretion as it is hollow and doesn’t have a heart; this is significant as it was believed that feelings came from the heart in the Victorian period. The word is successful as it makes the reader make predictions about the ghost before it arrives. This is playing with the reader and will create anxiety, as the reader will want to discover whether the prediction was right or not. In addition, Dickens confirms the idea of a ghost further. This occurs when he writes, ‘unearthly visitor’. One interpretation of this is that the word, ‘unearthly’, gives the impression that it doesn’t belong on earth and is not a typical creature. This adds to the idea of a typical ghost however, a subtle implication strays from the stereotype. The word, ‘visitor’ may imply that the ghost will not stay long which may seem insignificant to a modern reader but the Victorians feared that ghosts would haunt a specific person making their lives a misery. I think that this effectively created an unusual sense around the ghost that pre-emptively warns the reader that it isn’t a normal ghost. Moreover, Dickens uses juxtaposition to make the reader acknowledge that the ghost represents something. The contrast is shown with phrases such as, ‘like a child’, and, ‘like an old man’. The contrast implies that what someone does in the past can alter their future so you should always do the right thing. This representation is further emphasised with the imagery, ‘now with one leg’, and, ‘now with twenty legs’ as it gives an interesting, visibly imaginable example of the change. These quotes are successful as the reader can see that the ghost represents the fact that every action has a consequence.   

“Sometimes You Have to Pick the Gun Up to Put the Gun Down” Essey

â€Å"Sometimes you have to pick the gun up to put the gun down.† This quote was said by Malcolm X, who was an African American Minister and a human rights activist. It means that sometimes you have to fight in order to achieve peace. I agree with what he said because in order to get what you want you have to fight for it.Two literary works that reflect this quote are Fences, a play about the struggles of African American before and during the Civil Rights Era in the 1950s and 60s, by August Wilson and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a short story that shows the difference between women and men during that time, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ‘Fences’ shows the revolution the characters face, their actions and what is the result of those choices. Whereas, ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ is about how the wife struggles to speak against her husband.She shows revolution when her husband tells her not to write but she secretly writes in her journal. Both literary pieces, Fences, by Wilson and The Yellow Wallpaper by Perkins Gilman, shows how the lack of communication, the lack of acknowledgment and the demand for changes shows how the characters fight for what they want.The play Fences is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the 1950 and ‘60s by August Wilson. August Wilson was named Frederick August Kittel when he was born to a German father and an African American mother in 1945. When Wilson was sixteen, he was accused of plagiarism at school when he wrote a sophisticated paper that the administration didn’t believe he could write.The principal suspended him and later ignored his attempts to come back to school. Wilson soon dropped out of school and educated himself at the local library. Wilson got involved himself in the black power movement while he worked on his poetry and short stories.The characters Wilson includes in his play Fences are Troy,the main character, where he struggles to carry his family; Rose,Troy’s wi fe who is a typical 1950s house wife; Cory, who is the son of Troy and Rose, wants to be like Troy in the beginning, but fights with Troy for he tries to take his dream of a football career from him.The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is set in the 19th century in America by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born on July 4, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut. At the age of five Gilman taught herself how to read, because her mother was sick. In 1884 she married an artist Charles Walter Stetson.Their only child Katherine Beecher Stetson, was born the  following year. Gilman suffered a postpartum depression in the months after Katharine's birth. After her mother died she decided to move back east, where she met her cousin Houghton Gilman, who she had not seen in fifteen years. She married Houghton and moved to Norwich, Connecticut. After Houghton died,with cerebral hemorrhage in 1934, she moved back to Pasadena, California. In January 1932, Gilman was diagnosed with incurable breast cancer. Gilman committed suicide on August 17, 1935 by taking an overdose of chloroform.In the play Fences, ‘the lack of communication’ between Troy and Cory shows revolution. Cory is scared of Troy so he could not talk to him. Troy is always bossing around Cory, so Cory feels distance towards his dad. â€Å"All you ever did was try and make me scared of you . I used to tremble every time you called my name. Every time I heard your footsteps in the house.Wondering all the time†¦. what’s Papa gonna say if i do this?†¦. What’s he gonna say if I do that? †¦ What’s Papa gonna say if I turn on the radio?† (Wilson 86-87). This quote states that Cory was scared of Troy and could not speak to him, and thought about how his actions affect the way his father acts and speaks towards him.The literary techniques Wilson shows is repetition. Repetition is a way that the writer conveys how important Cory’ s feelings are and how concerned someone is. The repetition of the words â€Å"What’s pappa gonna say† shows how Cory is too concerned about the relationship between his dad and himself. The lack of communication between father and son cause Cory to revolt towards his dad.The lack of acknowledgment in the play Fences between Troy and Cory cause their relationship to decline even further. One of the greatest sources of disappointment in Troy's life is the fact that he wasn't allowed to play pro baseball, Even though he used to hit homeruns in the Negro Leagues, he couldn't go to the majors because of racial discrimination. He doesn't let Cory play football, because he doesn't want Cory to feel what he felt during his time.Troy’s lack of acknowledgment of Cory’s potential destroys Cory’s dream by not signing the papers and not letting the college recruiter from coming. â€Å"I got sense enough not to let my boy get hurt playing no sports†(Wils on 39) He unconsciously stats that he doesn't want Cory to feel  how he felt during his time. This quote references flashback because in this quote Troy refers back to what had happened to him during his athletic career, and how it affected his life.In this quote he speaks like a father who is making decisions for his son and his future, even though the people around him is telling him that the time has changed and it is not like before. Troy’s lack of acknowledgment causes Cory to lose his dream and late Cory to leave the house.

The Unique Film-making of Tim Burton

Tim Burton uses diegetic sounds, lighting, and high angles to express his creative cinematic style. He uses these various techniques to show how he differs from other directors styles. His choice of using these techniques relates back to his childhood, Burton was a reclusive child and very different while growing up. In the movies Edward Scissorhands and The Corpse Bride, he applies these various techniques. In the movie Edward Scissorhands, Burton uses diegetic sounds to foreshadow upcoming events in the movie.He uses the snip of the scissors when Peg, the Avon lady, was in the what seemed deserted mansion to foreshadow what/who Edward was relating to the scissors. Also in Edward Scissorhands, he used the diegetic chopping of the lettuce to accompany a flashback of Edwards past. This helped us understand more about Edward and how he became to be. In The Corpse Bride, Burton uses the diegetic sounds of Victor’s vows to also foreshadow the upcoming events with the corpse bride. Later on in that scene he used the cracking sound of the hand of Emily to show that she was now â€Å"alive†.The â€Å"I do† of Emily was included to show that Victor was now â€Å"married† to Emily. Tim Burton used a series of various types of lighting in the movies Edward Scissorhands, and The Corpse Bride. In Edward Scissorhands, he used a lot of high key lighting in the town, which had very bright pastel colors. He also used high key in the jail during the conversation between Edward and Peg. He used this so we, as the audience, could focus on the scene playing out. In Corpse Bride,

Development of Innovative Mindset Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development of Innovative Mindset - Term Paper Example It is imperative to note that disabled individuals have a role to play in boosting performance in contemporary society. They also have personal aspirations and professional ambitions that are only tenable through education.   As noted by Palladino (2001) the significance of education calls for the development of holistic policies that are not discriminatory. Nations should develop favorable education policies to boost disabled education. In particular, they should set up education centers for persons with extraordinary needs, provide scholarship and funds to facilitate their quest for knowledge (Cooner, Tochterman & Garrison-Wade, nd). Construction of favorable infrastructural set ups that embraces their needs are also crucial. These elements provide hope for the disabled who are being nurtured to realize their full potentials. Special education has not received proper management and strategic support systems from key stakeholders who include school leaders. The leaders have not taken the initiative to develop inclusive school programs that give every student equal chance of participation. The programs within several institutions do not favor students with various kinds of disabilities consequently hindering their performance academically and socially (Palladino, 2001). The high rate of discrimination also affects their self-esteem, ego and confidentiality. These are significant elements for holistic development. The stakeholders have also failed to develop viable policies to safeguard the rights of students equally and prioritize the special needs of the disabled students. This is because poor policies that guide operations in the education sector in several nations have been the source of failure resulting to a total neglect of the disabled. According to Palladino (2001), poor educational policies have continued to deny individuals with special needs the right to education. This may lead to high level of uneducated society members. This eventually poses a serious burden to governments. Scholars affirm that nations should align their education policies with the millennium development goals (MDG) that seek to promote universal education.

Fianal paper paragraph Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fianal paper paragraph - Thesis Example The director Kenji Mizoguchi reveals how the young woman Asai tries to refuse the advances made by her boss at the pharmaceutical company. It emerges that the young woman represents the responsible Japanese women, who believes in moral actions but is failed by her own and family’s conditions, an aftermath of war. Asai’s father‘s drinking habits, which has put the family in a deplorable financial situations represents irresponsibility. It is notable that, the irresponsibility has compelled Asai to work and sustain her brother in school. In addition, Asai has tried to settle many of her father’s debts. However, Asai’s weakness and irresponsibility is indicated when she joins prostitution, a form of sexual violence, to sustain the family needs. The effect of this is soon realized as she is finally arrested and jailed. Violent scenes and occurrences are associated with traumatic stress afterwards. This research aims at examining violence and how it causes traumatic stress among people living in the affected areas. It focuses on explaining how violence is directly associated with stress and the effects that this resulting stress causes to the development and well-being of a society. In the stated film, the themes reveal the mind of the producer and the director. This film reveals a strong thematic expression, which entails the aspects of trauma, violence and responsibility. This paper intends to examine the aspect of violence and its resulting traumatic effects as it is expressed in the film. In addition, the effects of violence and trauma during and after the war shall be investigated in this study as well as how the Japanese people managed to cope up with other unforeseen resultant effects. It is imperative to note that, this film represents the ordinariness of the environment after the bomb. The film reveals how the Japanese people though stressed and traumatized, focused to build their

Genetic Modified Foods (Cons) Speech or Presentation

Genetic Modified Foods (Cons) - Speech or Presentation Example Many of the disadvantages associated with the GM foods are realized in environmental, medical and economic respects. The speech will seek to address the disadvantages of GM foods in a manner that would be appropriate to my three sets of audiences. It should be realized that these three sets of audiences have their own sets of reservations with respect to GM foods, and this forms the basis of their antipathy (McHughen, 2009). Environmentalists are normally concerned with the preservation of the flora and fauna across the world and greatly opposing any human activity that interferes with the functioning of the natural world. In this case, nature should be left to take its own course without destroying it. Environmentalists have associated GM foods with cases of mortality realized in certain organisms. One study revealed that butterfly caterpillars were highly susceptible to pollen from certain types of GM foods. It is said that the modified crops produced several kinds of toxins which greatly affect organisms in contact with them. In this case, my speech on the disadvantages of GM foods to the environmentalists will basically focus on the use of facts and evidence to bring out the effects of GM crops on the organisms such as plants and insects (Ruse & Castle, 2002). The focus of genetical engineering is to transfer genes from one crop to another. However, it is often realized that certain crops which were not really targeted by the gene transfer are also affected in the process. As such, the natural environment is affected as crops gain certain characteristics which are not really intended. In several areas where genetically modified crops are grown, several farmers always complain that their crops are cross-pollinated by the genetically modified crops. In the end, the genes are spread from one crop to another, which might eventually affect the characteristics of the natural crops. The speech to the environmentalists will, therefore, focus on many examples of the effects of GM foods on the natural habitat (Smith, 2007). To the health experts, the focus is the effect of the GM foods on the health of the human beings who consume it. In this regard, much research has been conducted in order to determine the health effects of GM foods. Much of this research has led to several realizations while there is still much to be uncovered. In any case, it should be realized that some of the health effects of GM foods might not be evident in the short run. It has been confirmed that many children across the developed world have at one time developed risky allergy conditions after consuming certain types of peanuts and other foods produced through genetical means (Wendy, 2005). This is a result of the genetical process in which the introduction of a new gene in the crops leads to the formation of a new allergen which causes reactions in the humans (Smith, 2007). The GM foods are generally associated with different types of allergies most of which are life threatening. My speech to the health experts would, therefore, revolve around the health issues of GM foods and provide classic cases of how these foods have caused great challenges in this respect. Apart from the known effects, there is still much information to be discovered on the effects of GM foods on human health. In this case, it is safer to avoid using such foods until much of the information has been obtained and

Theme 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theme 1 - Essay Example Diversity creates a unique organization comprised of people from different cultural backgrounds working together for the same goals. Achieving such therefore requires effective management skills in order to facilitate the integration process in a bid to create a cohesive working environment as portrayed in the essay below. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter provide manager with a platform to interact with people from different backgrounds. The technologies facilitate enhanced communication thereby enabling the managers to obtain ideas from different people instantly. In doing this, the manager must exhibit effective management skills key among which will include interpersonal skills in order to achieve integration at the workplace. With effective management skills, the managers will therefore form an appropriate culture at the organization. Organizational cultures must always consider the diversity of the employees. Such a culture thus makes all the employees suppress retrogressive features of their cultures and encourage them to adopt appropriate features of the organizational culture that safeguards the profitability of the organization. The managers must develop effective communication channels at the organization. With such, the employees readily exchange their ideas thereby developing a culture of improved consultations both among themselves and with their managers. This makes production among other operations at the organization cost effective since they minimize errors thereby facilitating increased productivity (Thomas, 2009). An organizational culture is a vital management tool that helps determine the conduciveness of the work place. This refers to the values the managers instill in their workforce in order to safeguard the production at the organization. After recruiting employees from diverse cultures, the managers must find a way of unifying their diversity through a single culture at

Alternatives technologies to Gas flaring Dissertation

Alternatives technologies to Gas flaring - Dissertation Example The gas is emerged due to the drilling of oil and then separated from oil; it is released by pressure relief valves through vertical pipes. Gas flared through combustion affects the green house gases up to a considerable extent. The flaring and venting of gas from oil drills plays a very important role in emissions of greenhouse gas. The emission of greenhouse gas was at peak during 1970s around 110 million metric tons per year but it has been declined since then by more than three quarters and now estimated around 0.5% of all carbon dioxide emissions. As per the Kyoto Protocol, a carbon bonus had been announced for garbage collecting companies in some developing nations for installing combustion devices for the methane gas. These devices will help in preventing methane to reach the atmosphere by burning it. The burning effect converts the methane into water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and heat. As methane is twenty three times more powerful than carbon dioxide, it will also help in reduci ng greenhouse gas emissions with the same proportion. The gas flared and vented during the drilling process is very worth while and can be used for various purposes. According to a report by World Bank, "Over 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared or vented annually, an amount worth approximately 30.6 billion dollars, equivalent to 25 percent of the United States’ gas consumption or 30 percent of the European Union’s gas consumption per year." The flaring and venting is condensed within some countries. According to the Wikipedia, "10 countries account for 75% of emissions, and twenty for 90%. The largest flaring operations occur in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The leading contributors to gas flaring are (in declining order): Nigeria, Russia, Iran, Algeria, Mexico, Venezuela, Indonesia, and the United States.[6] In spite of a ruling by the Federal High Court of Nigeria (that forbade flaring) in 2005, 43% of the gas retrieval was still being flared in 2 006. It will be prohibited by law as of 2008." Research Topic: The effects of gas flaring on the environment and to find alternative techniques to reduce its impact on green house gas emissions. Research Objectives / Purpose of study: The research objectives include some overall objectives that will be generalized and also some specific quantitative objectives as discussed under: To identify the risks associated with excessive gas flaring; To identify factors that influence the high and accelerated rate of greenhouse gas emission; To explore past trends of gas flaring; To identify strategies that have been implemented around the world to reduce gas flaring effect; To research and evaluate the possible alternate technologies that can be used to reduce the effect of gas flaring on the environment; & To identify the finest and environment-friendly technology for the purpose of gas flaring. Expected Outcome: The expected outcome of this research work is to achieve all the research objec tives stated above by testing the authentic and established approaches used previously for reducing emission of gas flaring and venting. Literature Review: According to the Fuel for thought: an environmental strategy for the energy sector (a report from the Environment Department of World Bank, 2000), there are many reasons of gas flaring and venting. The most significant one is the lack of resources to utilize the gas emitted

Human Resources Management 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resources Management 4 - Essay Example After implementing the policy of casual dress policy, Digital Device started to face few issues. The employee’s behavior became more casual with the clients resulting in complaints to the sales manager. The Casual dress should be allowed but there should also be certain rules and regulations with respect to casual dressing among the employees. The policy should be revised in accordance with the HR manager and list of approved and not approved items. However after implementing the casual dress policy and revising it again after few months might not be acceptable for the employees and they might not agree to the revised list as to which of the type of casual dress to be followed. It is very important to communicate the changes that are to be taken place in the organization to its respective employees. Here the HR department plays a vital role as it is the duty of the HR to communicate the revised policy to the employees. The revised policy can be communicated personally to each department by conducting meetings with the respective teams by the HR head. This might have a positive impact on the employees rather than just sending mails and listing the revised policy in the notice board. The policy of losing the job if one found to be guilty of smoking or stealing has been practiced in most of the organizations. The new policy treat cigarettes as an illegal narcotic and aims to adopt a free smoker free workplace. If the policy is mentioned in the contract before joining the organization it can be viewed to be legal and very much ethical. The organizations aim to provide with a healthy working area and also ensuring proper health of the employees. At Health Unlimited each of the employees is required to sign a statement stating that the employee is a non smoker and will not smoke either at work or away from work. It was also stated that if anybody found guilty would be discharged from the job.

The practicality of agile development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The practicality of agile development - Essay Example They are being compared by the Agile method too. It’s been more than a decade, since agile development is being used for software development. It came as a result to the conventional and traditional software development processes and was an effort to improve the ways of software development. In general, agile means quick and fast, agile development set asides the conventional ways of software development, but still it is not necessary that agile is a solution to all the problems that is being faced by the development team. The agile manifesto focused mainly on customer satisfaction. It suggests the collaboration and cooperation with customer and manager through out the development process and also emphasize on the unity and teamwork by all the members of the team. Team must be self organizing and should be autonomous in a way that it can take decisions but must be in contact with the customer. Though it is suitable for only certain kinds of software but still it could be adopted by the developers and they can follow the manifesto to provide their customers good quality software on the time due. Agile team must be able keep its pace with the changes that are in the industry, so that they can come up with the work that is suitable per the market standards. Though if we read its principles that are being defined by The Agile Alliance, it gives us an idea that it could be the best methodology for the software development. The principles states that customer should be satisfied and his demands must be fulfilled throughout the project, and also the project must be submitted on time. Changes should be welcomed throughout this time and developers, managers and customers must be in contact with each other. The developers involved in the projects must be competent and cooperative and the team environment should be peaceful and comfortable for all team members. Good software should be chosen for development, design of the

Why I Deserve the Jennifer Velasco Scholarship Essay Example for Free

Why I Deserve the Jennifer Velasco Scholarship Essay When I made the Sterling Varsity tennis team I set up a goal for myself and it was to be the number one in the team, I started playing tennis when I was a freshman and I also joined the USTA tennis association. Tennis became to be more than a passion to me it was even more than a hobby, I really enjoy spending time in the courts and listening to all my coaches giving me advice of how to get better. From my freshman year to my senior year I practiced tennis every single day of the week I could even on most weekends, I took lessons and I also volunteered to help coaching the 10 and under kids in the last summer with Coach Rene Ronquillo. I got 3rd place on my freshman district tournament and on my sophomore year got 1st place in district, I made the sterling varsity tennis team my junior year and worked really hard to be the in the top 5 of the boys ladder. In January 2011 I got the opportunity to go a whole weekend with the tennis team to Newks Tennis Ranch in New Braunfels, Texas. Which is a professional tennis academy and out of 70 players I got the scholarship for a tennis summer camp at Newks tennis ranch. At the end of the 2011 fall Team Tennis Season I was awarded as the player who made the most improvement to his overall game on the men’s team. I took advantage of the scholarship I got for the Newks Tennis Summer Camp in 2012 and came back and played all my challenge matches and made the number 1 player in the boys ladder for the 2012 fall Team Tennis Season. I was also named first team All-District for the 2012 fall season. In January 2013 I had another opportunity to go to Newks Tennis Ranch for a whole weekend with the tennis team and got the scholarship for a second time out of 74 players. Currently I’ve been playing mixed doubles and we got 1st place on our district tournament. Tennis has definitely made me a better person in life and I thank to all the people who have support me through all my 4 years of tennis in high school. I hope I can win the Jennifer Velasco scholarship because it means a lot to me and I have worked very hard to get on where I am right now and I can say that all the effort was well worth it.

Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay Example for Free

Jonathans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Essay In Joanthans Swifts’ Gulliver’s Travels Part IV he uses a certain character to be his perfect example for what the human race should be. With this character he then will compare to the lowest of all beings to illustrate all the faults of man. These characters in his story are called the Houyhnhnms, which have a uniquely similar pronunciation to the word humans, and the Yahoos, who are the evil beasts of this particular island that Gulliver has washed up upon. Throughout the story as Gulliver describes the people of his home to the Houyhnhnms the reader begins to see how Swift shines a light on all the faults that humans have; compared to a divine, simple and perfect creature as the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver tries to distinct himself from the Yahoos of this land, who he absolutely abhors, by explaining his people’s ways and showing they have the ability to reason, unlike the Yahoos. The reader easily begins to see what Swift is trying to accomplish with his writings. He lets the reader make their own assumptions of the human race, but makes the assumption very clear. Within the story Gulliver describes how â€Å"his eyes had been opened and enlarged his understanding, which he began to view the actions and passions of man in a very different light†(puchner291). Gulliver begins to see that the thick skin, extra hair and long nails are merely the only thing separating himself from the Yahoos. This eye opening is exactly what Swift wants his readers to experience and see that there are so many despicable faults and useless ways of life in their society. The slow dissembling of the faults within man and questioning of the ways of mankind are in complete alignment with the ideas and ways of the Enlightenment, which was in short, to question everything. As Gulliver’s stay on the island continues, this questioning and examination of every aspect of his former life continues as well. The Houyhnhnms, or voices of reason, go on to question the laws of Gulliver’s land. One Houyhnhnms states how he cannot even contemplate how â€Å"the law which was intended for every man’s preservation should be any man’s ruin† (puchner285). Swift takes a deep stab at the governments’ ways of workings at the time and simply shows how it is anything but just and does not make any sense. Swift also makes a remarkable point in the direction of women’s rights, and uses common since to show how the treatment of women of the time was entirely reckless. The voice of a Houyhnhnms explains how it would be â€Å"monstrous in them to give the females a different kind of education from the males† (puchner298). The Houyhnhnms says how this way holds no logic, because it would leave one half of their people only useful for the bringing of children into the world and leave them good for nothing else (puchner298). Swift does not stop there and states how irresponsible it would be to not only leave this group inadequate but to then trust the care and upbringing of their children with these completely incompetent creatures. His reason here is very sound and unmistakable; how can you expect a society to flourish if the raising of man is done by the lowest creature of their society. Gulliver tries to prove to be different form the Yahoos by the fact that he can reason. The Houyhnhnms can see straight through this and one states that â€Å"when a creature pretending to reason could be capable of such enormities, he dreaded lest the corruption of that faculty might be worse than brutality itself† (puchner285). Through the Houyhnhnms response Swift dives into the depths of what humankind is capable of. He tackles how we may have the power of reason but have abused it to the full extent and instead of like the Yahoos caused destruction outwards on the world we have brought corruption into the inner beings of our society. Swift’s writings in Gulliver’s Travels question the entire makings of humankind and even the inability of people to dare to question. The Houyhnhnms are Swifts example of how humans should be but even the Houyhnhnms in their perfectness have a fault. They have no ability to question any facts or speak of â€Å"the thing which is not†. In Swift’s story, Gulliver recants how he remembers how hard it was for him to get his master to comprehend the meaning of the word opinion, or how any fact could be brought to question because â€Å"reason taught us to affirm or deny only where we are certain; and beyond our knowledge we cannot do either† (puchner297). Swift wants the reader to understand that you must not be afraid to put your thoughts and what you have been taught all of your life into question, to not fear the unknown. The Houyhnhnms refuse to believe that there are nations outside of their own island, similar to the way people refuse to think that there are opinions and answers other than their own that could be right. Swift uses his story Gulliver’s Travels to ignite the idea that the world as you know may not be the best of what it could be, just as the way stories have been used to teach children lessons at a young age. In Voltaire’s story Candide, his main character Candide is taken on a journey where he is determined to find his true love Cunegonde, which he is separated form in the beginning of the story. Through his journey Voltaire has Candide also in constant search for any man that is happier than he. In the story Candide has a friend named Pangloss who is a philosopher. In the beginning of this tale Pangloss states that â€Å"there cannot possibly be an effect without a cause† and that â€Å"things cannot be otherwise than they are, for since everything is made to serve an end, everything necessarily serves the best end† (puchner356). Voltaire takes these quotes throughout the story and commits Candide to question it at every chance, but is blinded by pure devotion to what his friend Pangloss has said and continues to push on. Voltaire uses the comparison of two opposites just as Jonathan Swift did in Gulliver Travel’s IV. Voltaire uses the land Eldorado in Candid e to compare to Westphalia. Eldorado is the example of the perfect world while Westphalia is full of everything that is wrong with the world in Voltaire’s opinion. In this sacred Eldorado Candide and Cacambo witnesses how the people have no desire or wants for the jewels that line their streets. He states that â€Å"the children of this land must be well trained, since they are taught contempt for gold and jewels† (puchner381). During their dinner with their host at the hotel Candide tries to use the gold for payment but in this perfect Eldorado people are courteous and hotels are made and paid for by the state and they do not need any money. Later Candide begins to ask about religion and finds that this land has the perfect religion where they do not have monks that dictate what they do and punish them if they do not practice their religion as they say they should (putchner383). Instead Voltaire describes a religion where people are all of the same mind and can freely practice their religion (puc hner282). Once Candide meets the king he finds that this perfect land has no parliament for there was no need and no prisons but they had a gallery full of places to study sciences with mathematical and physical instruments to help further knowledge (putchner383). Here you can see how Voltaire is creating a world that has no prejudices and is surrounded by the overall bettering and good of the people. Although Candide and Cacambo have found the perfect world they still are not satisfied. This is a major flaw in man, to continue to want even after they have everything they need. In response to this, Candide and Cacambo leave and take all the riches they need that they assume will bring them happiness but instead are presented with tragedy after tragedy that brings them right back to where they began. Candide then by losing everything somehow is reunited with all his friends and they make it to a tiny farm to live where Pangloss continues to question. He finds a philosopher that he wants to discuss the â€Å"effects and causes, the best of possible worlds, the origin of evil, the nature of the soul, and pre-established harmony† (putchner412) all of which are prime examples of some of the main parts that have been in question during the Enlightenment; but instead Pangloss has the door slammed in his face; similar to the way man refuses to discuss these very same aspect. Pangloss still does not stop asking questions and making philosophical assumptions even to the very end of the story and after all the terrible things that had happened to him. Candide then runs into a Turk that states that most of the time the people who get involved in others business, perish terribly (putchner413). The Turk then continues to tell Candide that he and his family cultivate their 20 acres â€Å"and the work keeps [them] from three great evils, boredom, vice, and poverty† (putchner413). Candide takes the Turks words very seriously and soon sets out his life to imitate the Turks and sets up a garden to cultivate. After meeting all the people throughout his journey he finds this man to be the only person happier than him and he had found a way to make life bearable; so Candide commits to doing the same. Voltaire has much to say through his character Pangloss and Martin, about men who choose to live their lives working. Pangloss states that â€Å"man was not born to take his ease† and Martin comments that â€Å"working without speculation is the only way of rendering life bearable.† Candide finally has everything that he wanted all on their farm but sees that what he wanted and thought is not anymore what he wants or thinks. Cunegonde has lost all her beauty and he does not love her anymore and Pangloss’s theory does not hold a light in Candid’s’ mind anymore. He decides to change his life and stop wanting more and make a life that is focused on one goal; to cultivate his garden and not worry about the trifles amongst the world. He then sees clearly that he makes his own happiness and others do not. The garden will keep him away from the evils in which he has met all his life. He will not have to want for food and beg, and he will only have enough for what he needs and not what he wants and this will keep his mind busy and away from boredom. Pope’s writings differ greatly from Swift’s or Voltaire’s. In Pope’s Essay on Man, he uses poetry to illustrate his philosophical points. The start of his essay states â€Å" what can we reason but from what we know†(putchner345). Pope gains the reader’s attention by simply saying that he is just going to examine Man. This alone is what the Enlightenment was about, to take into account all that you thought you knew and then ask yourself, is this really what I know. Pope goes to ask the question, are we the only system or universe? He says to just â€Å"observe how system into system runs†(putchner345). How can we be the only world is the question he wishes to ignite in us; if we just look at our world we can clearly see that we are too a system within a system and perhaps we have a purpose within this very sphere. He continues to ask question among question to further state, why are we the way we are? And are we the highest being above all on earth and if so, should we be in this place? We can see where he asks â€Å"if God has placed him wrong† and should we have the power over the world that we do (putchner345). If God has placed us in this high position then shouldn’t we be perfe ct, but he describes free will by saying that â€Å"man’s as perfect as he ought† and that we are as good as we let ourselves be (putchner346). The Essay on Man discusses fate and why we do not know our own fate or more then the very page that we are on in life. If â€Å"had he thy reason, would he skip and play† (putchner346) and continue to live our lives if we knew how it would all end. He gives the answer that hope of the unknown is what keeps man going. He examines the Indian people, a prime example of living in the unknown; for they had no sciences to let them see the planets and the universe but still remained to have God in their culture. He said they have a â€Å"humbler heaven† before the Europeans came to conquer their land and torment them for their gold (putchner347). Pope describes to the reader that pride is our error and we blame God for everything when we are not happy. Our pride gives us the right to think that earth is for our own use. He explains â€Å"why has not man a microscopic eye†, his response is simple â€Å"that man is not a fly† (putchner347). Pope wants the reader to see that God has made us the way we are and we are not meant to see that far; that we are meant to inspect the earth not to understand the heavens. He ends his essay by saying that â€Å"all partial evil [is] universal good† and that â€Å"whatever is, is right† (putchner351). This very statement was examined greatly by Voltaire’s work Candide and has been examined by many philosophers and thinkers even to this very present day. The Rape of the Lock is another story written by Pope in which he also uses poetry to reach the reader but in my case went over my head. He illustrates a beautiful story of a girl named Belinda that his great at playing cards and wins the heart of every man and Sylph she comes across. The Sylphs follow Belinda throughout her entire day and Pope begins to show how man has no control over anything that happens; whether that may be the folding of her sleeves or the safety of Belinda. Pope may be continuing his theory that man has his own fate but that he cannot know it and certain Powers that are out of our understand control our day to day life. That this is the way things are and it is in our best ability to be happy with the life we are given. Even the fair Belinda blessed with all the beauty in the world is not spared by fates hand. The loss of her strand of hair in the end may resemble the loss of virtue and her pride for even the perfect can be brought down. Works Cited Puchner, Martin, Suzanne Akbari, Wiebke Denecke, Vinay Dharwadke, and Barbara Fuchs. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. D. New York, London: W. W. Norton Company, 2012. 269-413. Print.

Examining Problems Of Urbanization

Examining Problems Of Urbanization In this essay, problems of urbanization is examined what extend can be met by policy of sustainable development. This essay includes the definition of urbanization and its problems. These problems are pollution problems, traffic congestion, housing and effects of urbanization on society. This essay represents possible solutions for these problems by policy of sustainable development. Also, it contains the explanation of sustainable development. The meaning of urbanization can be basically described as the expansion of cities by encompassing the rural areas in it. Urbanization is not just physically growth. Also, it contains population and social and economic structure. The urban growth generally has been caused by immigrations. Most of these immigrations are done from rural areas to urban areas. Sometimes it can be seen from countries to countries. The reasons of migration can be arranged as economic, technologic and sociological. The urbanization has positive sides as well as negative. The major advantage of urbanization is economic development. The cities supply more facilities to its citizens with huge amount of technological equipments. On the other hand, negative sides follow the technological and economical development. All forms of pollution increase together with growth of population. Traffic congestion also starts to seen in the developed countries. Housing problems accrue due to population access from rural areas to urban areas. The whole of society is affected by urbanization. All of these negative sides can be arranged as the problems of urbanization. The problems of urbanization need to be addressed. In this developing world, nobody can stop the growth of population. However, if urban areas could be developed with a good method like sustainability, the problems of urbanization would be solved. Sustainability means the ability of sustain something. In other words, think of the future and make a plan. The aim of it is prevent some problems which will be faced in the future. If the cities are developed regarding to policy of sustainable development, the problems of urbanization can be met. In the last centuries, the urbanization had been got an uncontrolled phase. The huge amounts of people migrate to cities from rural areas. There are several causes of it. The major causes of urbanization can be arranged as economic, technologic, politic and psycho-sociological. People, who have been living in the rural areas, tend to migrate to cities because of economic factors. Specially, in the developed countries, there is vast amount of difference between peasant`s income and civicsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ income. So, the people who have been living in the rural areas immigrate to cities to increase their incomes. Besides, people immigrate to live more comfortable and for education. Firstly, population problem arises in urbanization. The balance of the population between rural areas and cities starts to grow up. While the cities are expanding, the farmland starts to destroy. In the rural areas, life is more difficult than the life, in the cities. Transportation, communication, technological needs are always difficult to benefit in the rural areas. Therefore, people spread towards cities. All types of pollution can be seen easily in the urbanization. Air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, light pollution and solid product waste are the main pollutions which are increased parallel to urbanization. Because of the population growth, the air quality decreases in the urban areas. The trucks, cars, factories always exhaust a huge amount of carbon dioxide in a day to the air. The number of truck, car, and factory are raised parallel to people population. As population growth in cities, the demand of clean water increase. Sometimes the local authority cannot supply enough clean water to citizen due to high population. So, the water pollution occurs in the urban areas. The other pollution is noise pollution. In our daily life everybody use their cars, especially in the cities, car noise is the simplest example for noise pollution. The noise could be created by cars, people, factories, construction sites. Because of noisy environment, people have been less fertile and uncreative in their professional life. Again, all of them are connected with population growth. Light pollution causes to loss of electricity energy as well as environmental pollution. This also creates a problem for the future. By using more energy to use lights, the sources for electricity go down. This is the main problem of urbanization, unsustainable development. In the developing countries, solid product waste is another problem in the recent years. High population always need more supply. Sanitation should be always kept on high for public health. Whole pollutions act a very important role in human life. Pollution creates different type of disasters. According to P.S. Brandon, P.L. Lombardi V. Bentivegna (1997, p. 134) China is one of the cities which is faced with environmental degradation, in the world. Environmental degradation covers both its air and water. To improve this environmental degradation governments develop some strict laws. Water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and the other environmental degradations can be met by policy of environmental protection law. The other problem which occurs in the cities because of urbanization is traffic congestion. Using a private car has become very common in the world. Everybody prefers to use their cars to simply their life. It seems especially in the urbanization countries. This attitude creates traffic congestion. Besides, with this problem, it causes more energy usage, time loss and makes people nervous. To decrease the traffic congestion, the governments find some possible solutions. Public transportation is the most common solution to prevent traffic congestion. The developing cities should produce more sustainable products, vehicles, buildings to save more energy for future generations. According to S. M. Wheeler and T. Beatley (2004, p.98) to prevent the traffic congestion, traffic calming is the process of slowing down traffic to create safer, conductive to pedestrians, cyclists and residential life. With this alternative solution, the air and noise pollution will be decreased. Also, the fuel consumption will be reduced. The cities will be more sustain by traffic calming method. Energy will be saved by this way. Roads will be used safely. Briefly, this method will be solved one of this urbanization problem, traffic congestion. As list of my essay, third problem of the urbanization is housing. Because of large amount of migrants, housing problem has been increasing day to day in cities. The migrants who migrate from rural areas to cities create a problem. These migrants try to find suitable accommodation for them. Unfortunately, due to the low income of migrants, it is impossible to find an accommodation by reasonable price. There are large amount of flats, houses and buildings to live in cities. However, the accommodation price is large as well as amount of accommodation. People start to live unsuitable buildings in cities after migration. The migrants hold old and inconvenient accommodation to survive their life. This creates another problem, which is called visual pollution. Besides, several diseases can easily spread into cities. According to Mark, Gordon, Peter Ron (2007, p. 362) groups of buildings or building stocks is the useful method to over to the management of social housing stock. The governme nts have some policy to over to the management of social housing stock. If policy of housing always applies, the housing problem can be solved by this policy. Fourthly, suffering of societies can be counted as a problem of urbanization. Urbanization effect on societies is the other problem. Fundamentally, this problem is the result of other problems, pollution, traffic congestion and housing. Because of these problems, peoples` welfare goes down. The societies feel bed. This problem can be solved after other problem`s solutions. As a result of, urbanization is created by people and can be solved again by people. The main reason of urbanization is unbalanced income between peasant and civic. In the other worlds, urbanization is expansion of cities and contraction of farmland. According to Philip M. Hauser Leo F. Schnore (1967, p. 1) the reasons to emergence of cities are the size of total population, the control of natural environment, technological development and developments in social organization. The major triggering factor of developing cities is technology. Technology should be used correctly. Even if cannot be used correctly or without caring future, it cause some problems such as urbanization. Urbanization has lots of negative sides. In case, urbanization control by policy of sustainable development. The brief meaning of sustainable development is deliberate developing. The problems which occur due to urbanization can be solved with caring future. And developing some rules or policies by governments will prevent problems of urbanization. For example, to prevent the environmental pollution that contains air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, visual pollution and solid wastes can be decreased by making lawful to sustainable development. On the other hand, increasing the number of public transportation with reasonable price can raise the demand of using public transportation. Besides, the fuel consumption, noise and air pollution can be solved by this way. Also, traffic congestion can be solved by developing the infrastructure of transportation facilities. For the other problem, housing problem, governments can apply strict rules to prevent housing problems which is occur because of immigrations from rural areas to cities. If all these problems are solved, automatically, the last problem, effect of urbanization on societies can be disappeared.

Thomas Day :: essays research papers fc

Life and Times of Thomas Day   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Day was born in Dinwidee, Virginia in 1801 to a free slave mother. With the law that allowed children to be born free if their parents were free, Day was born free and did not have to be a slave. His family had been free since the early 18th century. He and his brother were educated by private tutors and they were trained by their father in cabinetry and carpentry. Thomas’ brother eventually began to study theology and he emigrated to Liberia in 1930 and was a Baptist missionary, eventually became one of the signers of the Liberian Declaration of Independence and a prominent statesman there. He’s known as one of the founding fathers of that nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas moved to Milton, NC in 1823 and started a furniture business where he became one of the best furniture makers of that time. He received notice from two of North Carolina’s governors and his furniture is inside of University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill’s original buildings. He eventually began to train free blacks and enslaved blacks to do the carpentry work that he was doing. By the mid 1800s his work was in demand from Virginia to Georgia. He then had to begin purchasing slaves to help him to the work. His furniture shop became the biggest shop in the state because he used steam powered machines and using mass production techniques to build his furniture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1827 Thomas married a free woman from North Carolina. But the law was that free slaves could only marry people from their own state. So Thomas threatened to move his furniture shop outside of North Carolina and to move it to Virginia where that law did not exist. So the North Carolina Legislature made special arrangements to the law so that Thomas would stay in North Carolina and he and his wife could still be married. Thomas had three children and they were educated in an abolitionist-sympathizing school in Massachusetts called Wesleyan Academy. He also constructed some pews for The Presbyterian Church in Milton provided that his family would be allowed to sit up front in the white section. He was an active member of the community of Milton. In 1848 he purchased the Union Tavern where he resided until he died in 1861. It is now a landmark but part of it was destroyed by a fire in 1989.

Bible :: essays research papers

If the Bible is indeed the Word of God, perfect and without error, then the issue is settled. Homosexuality is a sin and we must condemn it's practice. However, if the Bible is the writings of men who were only capable of seeing dimly, as if in a mirror, the way Paul described it, then we have a long way to go before we settle the question. John's teaching concerning the third person of the trinity, God's Holy Spirit, has that person leading us into truth, and not a book...even if that book is called "the Holy Bible." I maintain that the conservative doctrine that the Bible is the express Word of God, perfect and without error, is a heresy. This doctrine is a heresy as the ancient Greeks used the word, a teaching or attitude which us used to cause divisiveness in the community. It is used by the conservatives to separate out those who do not accept a divinely inspired Bible, in the same manner as Jesus describes the shepherd separating out the sheep from the goats. It is also a heresy in the manner that the church uses the word, a false doctrine which might lead to the worship of a false God. It elevates the book into the status of God. If, as I believe, God is leading us to openly accept and affirm those with differing sexual orientations and gender identities that the "norm," the doctrine of an inerrant Bible must be destroyed. Not only must we object to this doctrine when we find it among the conservatives, the Fundamentalists, the Orthodox, the Pentecostal and the Charismatic, but we must also object to this doctrine when we find it in those Churches and believers which do support the claim of the gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgendered and transvestite, that God accepts them on equal status with the straight.

The Significance of Brown v. Board of Education Essay -- Case Review

In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States was confronted with the controversial Brown v. Board of Education case that challenged segregation in public education. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case because it called into question the morality and legality of racial segregation in public schools, a long-standing tradition in the Jim Crow South, and threatened to have monumental and everlasting implications for blacks and whites in America. In 1951, Oliver L. Brown, his wife Darlene, and eleven other African American parents filed a class-action lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka on behalf of their twenty children for denying colored children the right to attend segregated white schools and sought to change the policy of racial segregation in the school district. The plaintiffs had been working closely with the leadership of the local Topeka NAACP to overturn segregation in public schools. In the fall of 1951, the parents tried to enroll t heir children in the neighborhood school nearest to their home, but they were denied enrollment in the white schools and told to attend segregated black schools. The District Court acknowledged that segregation in public education had a harmful effect on black children, but denied the need to desegregate schools because â€Å"the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors† in Topeka, Kansas were all equal (Brown v. Board of Ed, 366). The District Court ruled according to the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson by the Supreme Court in 1896 and upheld state laws permitting, or requiring, segregation in public education. African Americans were inspired to defy laws discriminating against colored people and engage in nonviolent actions by the ev... ...ricans hope that they would be free from discrimination and given equal opportunity in all aspects of their lives. The Brown v. Board of Education case is often noted for initiating racial integration and launching the civil rights movement. Works Cited Hoffman, Elizabeth Cobbs, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde, 3rd eds. Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. Print. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. â€Å"4. Roosevelt Identifies the ‘Four Freedoms’ at Stake in the War, 1941.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 271-73. United Nations. â€Å"1. The United Nations Approves a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 363-65. United States Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483-496 (1954). â€Å"2. The Supreme Court Rules on Brown v. Board of Education, 1954.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 365-66.

Khrushchev Genuinely committed to peaceful coexistence Essay

In the years 1955 ­62, Khrushchev was genuinely committed to peaceful coexistence. Peaceful co ­existence is the idea that the two superpowers in the world, the USSR and the USA can accept each other’s ideologies and consequentially their satellite states in the interests of peace, whether Khrushchev was entirely committed to this notion is debatable due to his ‘behind the scenes’ actions between 1955 and 1962. The Austrian state treaty of 1955 seemed to show Khrushchev’s commitment to peaceful coexistence, but his aggression after the U2 spy plane incident of 1960 and the gamble with peace over the Berlin wall in 1961 and Cuba in 1962 suggest his commitment to peaceful coexistence was not genuine, but a delay tactic until opportunities to show the USSR system was superior to capitalism arose. Khrushchev was committed to something more along the lines of ‘peaceful competition’ whereby the soviet union could gain an economic and without the need for a hot war, rather than peaceful co ­existence where both global superpower s really engaged in tolerance for either ones ideologies. When Khrushchev attained power in 1953 he advocated the de ­Stalinization of the Soviet Union during a speech at the 20th congress of the soviet party. This political message of denouncing Stalinism seemed to advocate a new era of Soviet foreign politics based on toleration to the western bloc of capitalist countries. A political example of Khrushchev’s genuine attempts at peaceful coexistence is attending international peace conferences such as The Geneva summit in 1955 which conveys the initial attempts of bridging the gap between the fundamental ideological divisions of Soviet Russia and the United States. This may be an attempt by the Soviet Union to reduce the hostility of the Capitalist world as they were apprehensive of the foundations of Marxist ­Leninist Russia which they perceived plotted a Global Revolution. However this interpretation would have been incorrect as the fundamentals of   Marxism was to encourage internal bureaucratic revolutions through the working class in order to liberate themselves from oppression rather than direct military action. This may be in the military and social interest of preventing or at least reducing the possibility of Mutually assured destruction by means of Nuclear warfare which was a very strong possibility. This can be seen with the signing of the Austrian State treaty of 1955 that allowed Austria to become a neutral zone which expresses a serious attempt at diplomatic and peaceful methods by the SU. Furthermore it was these arguments that Khrushchev would use in the Geneva summit to convey the genuineness of his attempt to move away from intro ­national warfare from one external Socialist state into a Capitalist one, and therefore rejected this Stalinist approach that occurred with the Satellite states of Eastern Europe by invasion of the Red Arm y. However on the contrary, Khrushchev maintained the satellite states as a cohesive political and economic unit that further added to the bipolar international system. This was evident with the establishment of the Warsaw Pact on 14th of May 1955 was a collective defense treaty of Communist nations within the Soviet sphere of influence. This portrays the lack of commitment to true peaceful coexistence as it meant that Khrushchev created an adversary to NATO, whilst also being militarily aggressive in order to dominate in central and eastern Europe and this can be seen with the quelling of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 as soviet soldiers lead to the death of 2500 Hungarians and an overthrow of the government. This shows the imperialistic nature of the Soviet Union and not of truly peaceful cohabitation by clearly dividing the world on   the wider Cold War basis by intrusive political and military intervention. It seems contradictory to the previous peaceful concessions made by the Soviet Union at the Geneva Summit and this shows how the Soviet Union were still trying to maintain an advantage over the Capitalist world rather than accepting a diplomatic change. This can be deduced as an attempt to build on Soviet power whilst also trying to repress American power through far less than peaceful methods. Furthermore tension was at it’s highest following the military actions of the Soviet Union prior to the Cuban Missile in 1962. For example Khrushchev created a physical and metaphorical barrier that divided Eastern and West germany yet also divided the Capitalist and Communist worlds. This was evident with the erection of the Berlin Wall on 13th August 1961. This was done in order to prevent the massive emigration of East German population that reached up to 3.5million before the wall was built. This socially would leave the Soviet Union short in man power of the working class that was an industrial city that provided much revenue and weaponry for the Red Army. Furthermore many educated members of the population left that left on the basis of political reasons rather than the materialistic reasons, such as poverty and poor living conditions. This shows Khrushchev’s attempts at creating a politically divided Europe and represents the Soviets were determined in not allowing one inch of land to be won by their adversaries and may have prompted them, the US, to respond aggressively through military action. Also the deployment of missiles in Cuba also created an atmosphere of hostility and potential for mutually assured destruction through an aggressive geostrategic maneuver to gain an advantage over the USA whilst also trying to arm and strengthen a communist ally that was only miles away from the United States’ coastline. Many Historians have said this is the closest the world has come to nuclear warfare.

Manager Vs. Leader

Effective leaders continually ask questions, probing all levels of the organization for information, testing their own perceptions, and rechecking the facts. They talk to their constituents. They want to know what is working and what is not. They keep an open mind for serendipity to bring them the knowledge they need to know what is true. An important source of information for this sort of leader is knowledge of the failures and mistakes that are being made in their organization. To survive in the twenty-first century, we are going to need a new generation of leaders, ot managers.The distinction is an important one. Leaders conquer the context, the turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against us and will surely suffocate us if we let them while managers surrender to it. Leaders investigate reality, taking in the pertinent factors and analyzing them carefully. On this basis they produce visions, concepts, plans, and programs. Managers adopt the truth from others and implement it without probing for the facts that reveal reality. There is profound difference a chasm between leaders and managers. A good anager does things right.A leader does the right things. Doing the right things implies a goal, a direction, an objective, a vision, a dream, a path, a reach. Lots of people spend their lives climbing a ladder and then they get to the top of the wrong wall. Most losing organizations are over-managed and under-led. Their managers accomplish the wrong things beautifully and efficiently. They climb the wrong wall. Managing is about efficiency. Leading is about effectiveness. Managing is about how. Leading is about what and why. Management is about systems, controls, procedures, olicies, and structure.Leadership is about trust † about people. Leadership is about innovating and initiating. Management is about copying, about managing the status quo. Leadership is creative, adaptive, and agile. Leadership looks at the horizon, not Just t he bottom line. Leaders base their vision, their appeal to others, and their integrity on reality, on the facts, on a careful estimate of the forces at play, and on the trends and contradictions. They develop the means for changing the original balance of forces so that their vision can be realized.A leader is someone who has the capacity to create a compelling vision that takes people to a new place, and to translate that vision into action. Leaders draw other people to them by enrolling them in their vision. What leaders do is inspire people, empower them. They pull rather than push. This â€Å"pull† style of leadership attracts and energizes people to enroll in a vision of the future. It motivates people by helping them identify with the task and the goal rather than by rewarding or punishing them. Managers difference may be summarized as activities of vision and Judgment ffectiveness versus activities of mastering routines efficiency

Alcohol Dementia

The difference between alcohol dementia and dementia is that alcohol dementia is a form of dementia caused by a long term use of alcohol and excessively drinking to the point where the individual suffers from memory loss due to neurological damage to the brain. With dementia there is the person does not suffer from alcohol abuse. Alcohol dementia can cause very serious brain complications and ten percent of patients diagnosed with alcohol dementia have a history of extended alcohol abuse.People that suffer from dementia also suffer from memory loss but not due to abuse of alcohol or other drugs. With dementia you have a serious loss of your cognitive ability, this is also like the old age illness known as Alzheimer’s disease. These symptoms result from a brain injury in the past, or a progressive injury or even if you are suffering from a disease in the body. It is found that people that are diagnosed with cancer are soon later diagnosed with dementia as time passes.Long term consequences from both of these illnesses are very severe. Patients suffer from memory loss, attention span decreasing, speaking in incomplete sentences, and also problem solving is altered drastically. Suffering from dementia reduces the ability to learn, reason with others. What might be the worst about this illness is that people can end up forgetting who their family members are. There is also loss of patterns of thoughts, feelings and activities.In the later stages of the condition, affected individuals may be disoriented in time. People suffering from dementia might not know what day of the week it is or what year. This is very severe dementia of course. At the moment, scientists have not found a cure or even a treatment to slow down the process of dementia. It may be something majority of human beings go through and old age must play a factor with the memory loss.

Huck Finn Comparison Essay

Justin Esteves 1/18/12 Puddn’head Wilson and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Comparison Essay There are several differences that are evident between Puddn’head Wilson and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. One of the major differences between the two books is the characters that are involved in the stories. They have different personalities and react differently to different situations.The twins in Puddn’head Wilson are young men from noble descent from Italy who left their country. They are smooth talking, but really don’t lie about a situation. However the Duke and King in Huckleberry Finn aim to trick people in different towns by selling the people tickets to a show that never existed. In one instance a man dies and they pretend to be related to him so they can get his inheritance. The ages of the main characters are different as Huck is a boy while the characters in the other story are adults.In Puddn’head Wilson it is said not to have a spe cific plot line, but in Huck Finn the story follows the classic plot line scheme. There are many similarities between the two stories. One of them is that the settings are very much the same as they both take place on the Mississippi River. Actually when I was reading Huck Finn, I couldn’t get the picture of the setting of Puddn’head out of my head. Another similarity is that the twins and the King and Duke are similar characters since they are together in pairs all the time in the book.The final similarity is the involvement of death in both books. The whole story of Puddn’head is based around a murder. In Huck Finn, Huck makes it look like he was killed to escape from Pap and the town. After Mr. Wilks’ death, the Duke and the King go after the money in his will. Another death in Huck Finn was Pap who was found dead in a house during a flood. Overall The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a lot better than Puddn’head Wilson.After reading several re views more readers liked Huck Finn and some people really disliked Puddn’head Wilson. Both books were about life on the Mississippi River from a long time ago. It was interesting to see how people lived in that period of time. Even though the stories took place many years ago, there are many similarities between the people from then to now as to how they treat each other. People were the same then as they are now and have the same outlook on life. The books and life follow Mark Twain’s quote, â€Å"The damned human race. †

20th century poetry Essay Example for Free

20th century poetry Essay ? We have been giving to 20th century poems to examine. They are â€Å"Evans† by R. S Thomas and â€Å"Death in Leamington† by Sir John Betjeman. Both poems are about death, but in two very different situations. I will examine the poem Evans first of all. Evans was written by a man called R. S Thomas. He lived from 1913-2000. he was born in Cardiff. He became a clergyman and taught himself welsh so he could work with the people in the hills, because not many of them spoke English at this time. Evans is a 20th Century poem. The poem begins as if the writer is talking to somebody else. It looks like the other person has asked him something like, â€Å"Do you remember a man Evans? † and the writer replies, â€Å"yes, many a time. † The first verse of the poem describes Evans’ house. It talks about the â€Å"bare† stairs and the â€Å"gaunt† kitchen. We can depict from the first verse that Evans was a poor man, his house is not at all well furbished, and he doesn’t have much to his name. Everything that Evans owns has a dull, dreary adjective attached to it, like stark farm and black kettle. His kitchen must be filthy because crickets can be heard. The last line of this verse tells us that he lives on a lone farm upon a hill. From this verse we have found out that this man is poor, lonely and doesn’t really care much about what his house looks like. The 2nd verse tells us that something appals the speaker. He says that it isn’t the darkness around him, which seems to fill his mouth and that it isn’t the tree that the rain drips off. I think the tree is symbolism, because the speaker says, â€Å"of rain like blood form that one tree, weather tortured. † I think he is really describing Evans appearance. The speaker says that it’s the veins of Evans. He sees darkness in them, and that it is â€Å"silting† them. Silt is the thick sandy substance at the bottom of rivers. I think it means that the darkness is trapped in Evans’ veins and that it is slowly killing him. The writer says, â€Å"I left stranded upon the vast and lonely shore of his bleak bed. † The writer believes that he has failed is his job, which is to comfort the sick if they are going to die. The writer feels that he is inadequate and that he hasn’t done what he wanted to. Again we see another dreary adjective attached to one of Evans possessions, his bleak bed. The word lonely is used again here. The writer wants to get the point across that Evans has no one, no family or friends to comfort him, that is why the writer feels so bad that he cant do this for him. This poem is about the bad way to die, all on your own and no one to comfort you. The next poem, Death in Leamington, is about the other way to pass on. Death in Leamington was written by Sir John Betjeman. Poets of his day liked to write poems making fun of the middle class people. The first verse tells us that someone has died, and that it is a woman. It has happened in the late evening. She has died in her bedroom. The room has a plate glass window, which means this place wherever she was staying must has been pretty well off. The second verse gives us a little more insight to the woman. She owned a crochet, which means she must have been quite old. It lay beside her bed, which means she can’t have been too old because she was still able to walk. Again the writer tells us that she is dead. 20th century poetry. (2017, Oct 29).

Declaration Of Indepence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Declaration Of Indepence - Essay Example Consequently, the then congress led by Thomas Jefferson resolved to defy the Britain’s orders (Maddern 534). The document comprises 27 injustices, which the Great Britain despite being aware inflicted on the natives, hence depriving them their dignity and using their own blood soldiers to unleash terror on them (Onuf 71). They also called all the 13 states to declare their sovereignty despite the involved cost by informing the colonial masters they were ready to reclaim their dignity, hence the name â€Å"Declaration of Independence† (Sabato 73). North America, which at presently is the United States of America, suffered untold severity subjected to them by Great Britain who by then was their colonial masters (Maddern 535). This entailed depriving them liberty, freedom and dignity. According to the then congress leaders led by Thomas Jefferson, Great Britain under King George III, did not value the rights of their subjects. This is despite receiving numerous grievances concerning what they were undergoing and neglecting them (Sabato 74). The condition worsened when the Great Britain started using American soldiers to unleash brutality against their own people. Hence, dehumanizing the colonists, which to them implied they do not exactly know their privileges (Onuf 71). â€Å"Declaration of Independence† document outlined 27 abuses, which the King George III used to dehumanize the natives (Onuf 71). Primarily these abuses entailed doing things and instituting certain legislation with the absence of the native’s regime consent. King George III interfered with the natives’ form of government and their judicial system (Sabato 72). Together with the parliament, he interfered with the colonies’ regime systems without their consent to the extent of imposing unfair taxes (Sabato 73). This affected severely trade among the states where the levied taxes deprived them their right of trading freely. Consequently, hindering the

Triumph of Christianity Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Triumph of Christianity - Speech or Presentation Example Against this backdrop, it is now possible to present a better picture of Christianity as a religion and its triumphant rise in a manner acceptable to a majority of historians. The Impact of Christianity Tracing the history of the triumph of Christianity means a relook at the manner in which it threw off the restraints of the Roman Empire to become the dominant religion of the Roman Empire, which brought about a marked and fundamental change in the Greco-Roman values that existed at that time. Some historians attribute the rise of the Christianity as a factor that led to the fall of the great Roman Empire. This argument is buttressed by the fact that the polytheistic official religion followed in all of Rome that included Mars the God of War and Jupiter Optimus Maximus to a very large extent were the buttress on which the power of the Roman Emperors rested. The emergence of Christianity as the religion of Rome removed this buttress, reducing the power of the Emperors of Rome, leading to its downfall (Duker & Spielvogel, 2007). The Beginning of Christianity There are many mysteries and enigmas that shroud the birth and life of the founder of Christianity Jesus Christ. The finding of the Dead Sea Scrolls has added another chapter to these mysteries and enigmas in the form of the Essenes. The Jews has become a divided house prior to Judea becoming a part of the Roman Empire. This lack of unity led to Judea becoming a part of the Roman Empire. The Roman rule only added to the further divisions among the Jews and the rise of Jewish sects. The Essenes were one such sect that came into being in the first century before Christ. Similarities and beliefs and practices of early Christians are seen that include baptism and leading to speculation that the Essenes provide the missing link between the development of religious ideas between Judaism and Christianity. Leaving these speculations aside, Christianity did have a humble beginning and the teaching of its founder Jesus Christ was so profound that it not just attracted the Jewish people, but spread beyond Judea to other parts of the world (Strauss, 1984). The Rise and Triumph of Christianity During his life time it was the miracles that he performed that made the most noise and attracted followers to him. Subsequent to his death, the miracles remained as embers, but it was then that his teachings and mystical powers emerged to become the focus of attraction for conversion to Christianity (Stalker, 2003). To the Jewish people the attraction lay in the teachings of Jesus Christ brought a fresh breathe against the dominance of the High Priests, the Scribes and the Pharisees in Jewish religious thought. The Roman conquest of Greece and the Mediterranean region had brought the Roman people in contact with mystery religions. Romans were beginning to adopt ideas and practices outside of the Roman religion and mystery religions were an attractive proposition. The miracles that Jesus Christ performed, the m ysterious that surrounded his death and resurrection as spread by his disciples were a strong attraction for the Romans (Brodd, 2003). Christianity offered more than just mystery for the Romans. The founder was not a myth and the religious thought

The culture of Wegnans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The culture of Wegnans - Essay Example Wegmans has practiced selecting their employees according to their interest and genuine commitment for their field of endeavor. Through sharing a common passion, employees are maintained and developed with appropriate motivation and incentives that contributed to a verly low turnover; manifesting employees’ satisfaction on their jobs. By providing them with ample motivation through compensation benefits and with recognition of performance, the employees’ personal and professsional needs are achieved. Then again, by according them with opportunities for professional growth and development through training programs, employees regard their career with Megmans as worthy and rewarding. In return, employees exhibit exemplary performance through manifesting increased productivity that reverberates to the positive attitute towards workes, customers, and other stakeholders. The crucial role that motivation plays in their organizational culture has enabled them to achieve leaders hip and recognition as one of Fortune’s Best Companies to work for in 2009 (Chapter 16: Cultivating Organizational Culture n.d., p. ___). 2. ... 1). By recognizing that the success of the organization highly depends on its human resources, Wegmans has embodied the ideals and philosphies disclosed in their five statements that explain who the company is about: â€Å"(1) We care about the well-being and success of every person: (2) High standards are a way of life. We pursue excellence in everything we do; (3) We make a difference in every community we serve; (4) We respect and listen to our people; and (5) We empower our people to make decisions that improve their work and benefit our customers and our company† (Wegmans: About Us, 2011, p. 1). Through the years, from one generation to the other, Wegmans has sustained their culture through imbibing these ideals to the people who rose from ranks within the organizational hierarchy. Since Wegmans exhibited a very low turnover, it means that the employees have been loyal to the organization and their training and development program enabled them to assume higher responsibil ities through promotions and being recognized for exemplary performance. These people continue to exhibit and manifest the values that were promoted by the incorporators and their children through the years. The proof that Wegmans has continued to exhibit the culture of satisfying their people is being recognized for the 13th time in Fortune’s Best Companies to work where the award has been given â€Å"very year starting in 1998 through 2010. The company ranked 1st in 2005 and ranked #3 in 2010† (Wegmans: Awards, 2011, par. 4). 3. What are some threats to sustaining Wegmans’ culture? How can these be overcome? Since Wegmans has been exhibiting exemplary performance over the years through sustaining organizational

Advertising Argument Paper. Coke Advertisements Research Paper

Advertising Argument . Coke Advertisements - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that the advertisement targets all groups of persons on each. The advertisement focuses on the young, old, not so young and the not so old people reading the advertisements. The advertising shown above is typical of bandwagon advertising. Under this type of advertising, the advertising is geared towards enticing the prospective client to go along with what the majority of the group, community, or society is engaging in – drinking a can of ice-cold coke. This researcher closely identifies with the product. This researcher always drinks a minimum of one bottle of coke each day. There are no traces of race –bias or race discrimination in the Coke advertisement. Likewise, there are no traces of race –bias or race discrimination in the Coke advertisement. In addition, there are no traces of class–bias or class discrimination in the coke advertisement. A coke can is shown on side of a coke refrigerator or cooler. The advertisement is does not contain word or written message to indicate the benefits of patronizing (drinking) a coke product. This paper makes a conclusion that the coke advertisements on a Coke refrigerator is very effective in generating more sales. Advertising increases on coke product sales. The toulmin style of argumentative essay clearly shows all aspects of the making a good argumentative paper. Indeed, advertising increases the desire to buy coke products when compared to coke products stocked inside an advertisement-free white painted refrigerator.

Titian and Renaissance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Titian and Renaissance - Research Paper Example Venetian reflection of color and a special atmosphere of Venetian style are combined with traditional Renaissance traditions. Titian works are full of emotions; even in his portraits we can see an intense emotional charge. Further on we will focus our attention on his two famous paintings: Portrait of Isabella d’Este and Christ and the Adulteress. These works signify common and different features of Titian paintings and those ones of Leonardo daVinci. We will try to underline common and different features between them, but of course, the main part of our attention concerns Titian paintings and the relevance of his style to the epoch of Renaissance. First of all, we should look for the features of aesthetic in his paintings. Moreover, there is a need to claim that the painter reflected ideally both humans and nature. He was looking for an ideal balance between the nature and the human world. An air of harmony is evident in the paintings of Titian. Christ and Adulteress This pai nting belongs to the High Renaissance period. The theme of adulteress is depicted in a dynamic nature by Titian. It is evident that this painting reflects a changeable and a controversial nature of this situation. We can see gorgeous clothes of the accused woman. This tendency we can also see in other paintings of the painter, because social status of the citizens of the Venetian society. It is very important to underline the contrast of the gorgeous clothes of Jesus Christ, the Adulteress and people around them. His background reflects nature from the remote perspective. We are enchanted by the green landscapes and there are blurred limits of the horizon and it is very interesting to consider the smallest details of the painting. Thus, Titian shows that he is much more concerned about the foreground of the painting (Christ and the Adulteress). The sea and green landscapes, which can be seen at the background of the painting, are of minimal concern for the painter. On the example of the vanishing line of green grass, we can see that the painter does not exactly draw a visible path between individuals, depicted on the painting. There is an evident opposition between the light and darkness of the painting. The building has dark edges and it is especially evident on the background a bright green color. The image of a woman is leaning her head and we can claim that this woman confessed all her mistakes and she seems to be blessed. We can compare this painting with the painting The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci. Emotions are reflected on the faces of people around the table. The same actions are depicted on the painting by Titian. People on the painting are fixed in their certain conditions and emotional states. Therefore, the painting by Titian is an emotionally-charged and rich in color creative work. Portrait of Isabella d’Este We can see an ideal woman. The image of this noble and wealthy woman has been depicted by numerous painters. Therefore, she wa s considered to be an ideal image of a woman during the period of Renaissance. We can claim that the background for this image and her depiction we can see in the works by Petrarch: she has blonde hair, fair skin, beautiful lips and cheeks, and almond-shaped blue-green eyes. Therefore, there was a well-accpeted tendency to depict noble women in the way they liked. They wanted to be ideals and idols of beauty for the painters. There are letters of Isabella d’Este, where she asks for making her portrait and appeals for Master Leonardo da Vinci.

Politics is all about gaining and maintaining power. Do you agree Be Essay

Politics is all about gaining and maintaining power. Do you agree Be sure to provide examples and discuss alternative views - Essay Example This allows the leaders to exercise administrative control of some or all communal resources, together with labor and capital. Maintaining political power has been a reality in many organizations, and while this practice might superficially come out to be wasted time, it is essential in securing resources, development of ideas, achievement of individual goals, and frequently improving one’s status. It is immature to look forward to being able to be detached from managerial politics, since it is the offspring of maintaining political power. Someone might gain respect for doing so, but the development would be limited and regarded as an uncomplicated target. A ruler like Machiavelli practiced politics in such a way that he had to maintain his prowess. Those who yearn for power in any state of affairs may ape his strategies for unyielding aid. In his own words he used to say that a leader "...must stick to the good so long as he can, but, being compelled be necessity, he must be ready to take the way of the evil."(Machiavelli, 63). My objective in this essay is to explore the notion that politics is ent irely about gaining and maintaining power, and by citing potential examples, this would come out clearly. Power can be classified into three forms. Coercive Power: this involves forcing somebody to act in accordance with ones wish. A prison would be a case in point of a coercive organization. Utilitarian Power: this is the power based on a scheme of rewards or penalties. Businesses, which pay increments, promotions, or threats of removal from office, are practically, utilitarian organizations. Normative Power: this is power which rests on the values of the members, and that the organization has a right to manage their actions. A religious organization would be an illustration of a utilitarian organization. Ways in which political enthusiasts acquire possession of such power. At the national level, political authority for political power is seized by the

Intenational Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Intenational - Essay Example Spain, France, and Holland launched various expeditions in order to establish colonies in the underdeveloped areas of the world, particularly in Asia, Africa, and South America. Despite the differences in methods, the objectives related to the launching of international and colonial trade in those times are not absolutely distinct to today’s globalisation. Globalisation in modern times is being pursued with the premise that former relationship of colonizers and colonies is no longer dominant. It is founded on the concept that the world is now made up mostly of independent countries that have sovereignty in managing their respective domestic economies and also have the capability of joining international trade. Free trade is the main objective of globalisation. It aims to make the entire world an open and free market, where people can easily avail of commodities coming from other countries. It allows businesses to expand beyond their countries of origin, thereby exporting not just goods but also capital. However, in doing so, it also seeks the removal of major barriers that each country may have established to deter the influx of too much imported goods as a result of unconstrained foreign trade. Consequently, this has an adverse effect on the sustainability of small local firms in any particular economy. The arrival of huge volumes of imports would lead into a competition strong enough to force their demise. This is the reason why debates on the nature of globalisation continue to be waged and international trade organisations and treaties are relentlessly being attacked by sectors that are most affected by its negative effects. This is also the basis why governments must not absolutely subject their economies to unconstrained foreign trade but instead legislate and enforce policies that would protect the small local firms. Apologists for unrestrained capitalism have always extolled the salient features of globalisation. Capitalism is an economic

Environmental Analysis Essay Example for Free

Environmental Analysis Essay Landfill gas is generated during the decomposition of organic substances in municipal and industrial wastes. Since it is made up of powerful greenhouse gases, primarily methane gas and carbon dioxide, the prevention of escape to atmosphere is desirable and has the added benefit of being utilised as a renewable energy source (Clarke Energy, 2014). One such company focussed on dealing with this issue is Landfill Gas Industries Pty Ltd (L.G.I. Pty Ltd) they are ‘a specialist designer, supplier, installer, and operator of systems that capture, extract and burn gas produced in landfills’ (L. G.I. Pty Ltd, 2014). L.G.I. Pty Ltd has several opportunities that could impact the company’s operations in Australia, such as government regulation, the number of councils and landfills available and the fact that all landfills require a solution to the landfill gas problem. However L.G.I. Pty Ltd also has several threats potentially impacting its operations, for example from large energy generators, large waste companies and opposition to landfill gas. With the continuing pace of global environmental awareness and a general growing consensus about the potential damage of greenhouse gases, the Australian Government may introduction legislation and associated taxation such as the use of carbon credits that are designed punish landfill owners with unabated gas emissions (Department of the Environment, 2011). A company such as L.G.I. Pty Ltd is well placed to install systems that can reduce these emissions and in turn reduce the financial penalties of operating a landfill, many of which are run by local councils and therefore paid for directly by ratepayers. With 565 local government councils in Australia (The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, 2014) and each with a need to process its residents’ garbage, many of which themselves operate landfill sites and/or have legacy landfills within their boundaries. Whilst the market has a finite limit there is considerable appeal for councils to adapt such technologies at their landfills and has the potential to generate ‘huge savings for [councils] and the environment’ (Landfill Gas Pty Ltd, 2008). L.G.I. Pty Ltd is committed to take advantage of councils’ needs by having ‘developed successful landfill gas installations on sites of all scales across Australia’ (Landfill Gas Industries Pty Ltd, 2014). Wherever there is a landfill, there is potential dangers aside from the environmental concerns unless mitigation techniques are employed, such as the risk of fire and explosion which for example  occurred in Loscoe, England in 1986 when a nearby house was destroyed (Danish EPA, 2001). There is also the potential of gas migration to occur below the surface and in turn contaminate the groundwater (Environment Protection Authority, 2008). If a landfill site is not suitable for electricity production, gas mitigation is nonetheless desired for safety and hygiene reasons. L.G.I. Pty Ltd ‘manufactures and installs its own range of state of the art flares’ (Landfill Gas Industries Pty Ltd, 2014) allowing the flammable gases to be safely burnt off. Therefore all current and legacy landfill sites are potential business for L.G.I. Pty Ltd The first major threat to L.G.I. Pty Ltd comes from existing large energy generators, such as AGL, Origin and Energy Australia, these 3 companies have a combined market share of over 60% of the energy sector (IBISWorld, 2014). As these companies have the need to supply electricity to their customers they have the desire to source viable and sustainable generation methods, AGL for example already ‘owns and operates several renewable landfill gas and biogas (sewage) generation facilities across Australia’ (AGL, 2014). If these companies decide to expand in this sector and compete for this resource, they could undermine L.G.I. Pty Ltd’s potential simply by means of more efficient access to financial capital required to setup and by the greater potential political bargaining power they possess such as when competing for tenders. Such as with large energy generators, large waste companies also pose a potential threat for L.G.I. Pty Ltd. Many councils utilise outsourced waste collection, processing, recycling and landfill operators to fulfil their needs. Operators such as Veolia and Sita which operate landfills as part of their business must ‘manage odour across [their] landfills in accordance with the Environmental Protection Licence’ (Sita, 2014). These operators have their own equipment and methods for gas mitigation and therefore pose a threat to L.G.I. Pty Ltd if more councils outsource their waste needs to private companies, they in turn aside from environmental requirements have a commercial obligation to seek profit. There is nonetheless opposition to companies that seek to turn landfill gas into electricity, for several reasons such as its relative high costs, local air pollution but namely it suggests that it is acceptable to dump waste at landfill sites rather than pursue waste minimisa tion or recycling initiatives (Shrank, 2011). Veolia states that it ‘encourages waste  minimisation and recycling’ (Veolia, 2014), however if a financial incentive exists if it fails that endeavour then people are right to be sceptical. The threat of a change in public opinion and awareness towards waste disposal could potentially impact L.G.I. Pty Ltd, particularly if they are seen as not encouraging waste minimisation or if their operations produce an unacceptable amount of air pollution. Landfill gas is an unavoidable by-product of our modern society and it possess several risks if left unmanaged to public health and safety. L.G.I. Pty Ltd is well placed to mitigate these risks and also potentially return a financial benefit to its clients, specifically local councils. In terms of opportunities, L.G.I. Pty Ltd faces a finite barrier in terms of number of landfills in Australia, it may seek to export its expertise to markets overseas to pursue further growth. It may also be of benefit to lobby government to encourage further legislation and taxation penalties regarding greenhouse gas emissions, potentially expanding its market. Of the threats facing L.G.I. Pty Ltd, the biggest is represented by existing the large companies in the electricity generating and waste disposal sectors, who invariable have better access to capital and lobbying power to further develop this industry. Finally, public opinion could negatively impact L.G.I. Pty Ltd if they are seen to be exploiting a resource which ideally should be minimised in the first instance. Clarke Energy, (2014). Landfill Gas | Landfill gas generator. [Online] Available at: http://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-type/landfill-gas/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Landfill Gas Industries Pty Ltd, (2014). Landfill Gas Industries Renewable Electricity Leaders. [Online] Available at: http://landfillgasindustries.com.au/about-landfill-gas/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Department of the Environment, (2011). Capture and combustion of landfill gas. [Online] Available at: http://www.climatechange.gov.au/reducing-carbon/carbon-farming-initiative/methodologies/methodology-determinations/capture-and-combustion-landfill-gas [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. The Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, (2014). Local Government. [Online] Available at: http://www.regional.gov.au/local/index.aspx [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Landfill Gas Pty Ltd, (2008). Landfill Gas Pty Ltd. [online] Available at: http://www.landfillgas.com.au/home.html [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Danish EPA, (2001). Miljstyrelsen. [Online] Available at: http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2001/87-7944-831-3/html/kap30.htm [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Environment Protection Authority, (2008). Guidelines for groundwater investigation and monitoring for landfills. [Online] Available at: http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Waste/Public%20consultation/guidelines_landfill.pdf [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. IBISWorld, (2014). Major Companies. [Online] Available at: http://clients1.ibisworld.com.au.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/reports/au/industry/majorcompanies.aspx?entid=2147 [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. AGL, (2014). Landfill Gas and Biogas. [Online] Available at: http://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/how-we-source-energy/renewable-energy/landfill-gas-and-biogas [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Sita, (2014). Landfill Gas Management | SITA Australia. [Online] Available at: http://www.sita.com.au/facilitie s/landfills/landfill-gas-management/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Shrank, S. (2011). Opposition to Waste-to-Energy: A Waste of Waste?. [Online] Worldwatch Institute. Available at: http://blogs.worldwatch.org/revolt/opposition-to-waste-to-energy-a-waste-of-waste/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Veolia, (2014). Recovering Resources from Waste Veolia Australia and New Zealand. [Online] Available at: http://www.veolia.com.au/municipal-residential/recovering-resources-from-waste [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014].