Doctor Faustus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doctor Faustus - Essay Example Mann characterizes the changes in his society as a manifestation of rot. It is essential to highlight that the novel is an abstract piece that manifests the dark side of concepts that are accepted as ideal for a changing society. This explains why it profiles the life of a maddened intellectual as a person who is unfit for the good of a society and chastises the nationalist ideals taking over Germany in the fascist era. By breaking into Biblical nuances, the novel announces that the end has come. In the beginning of the 20th century, Germany adopts a dangerous nationalistic attitude that defines the attitudes of her young people. In 1919, Zeitblum and Leverkhun attend a salon in the home of a Munich’s art collector. At this time, the war has destroyed the bourgeois values. This signifies an impressive tiding for Germany as the oppressed classes achieve the platform for socio-economic fulfillment in their lives. The professors of the nationalistic ideal, however, hail the era as a revolution for purifying the German nation. Zeitblum manifests this ideal as a savage attitude that will shuffle back Germany to the Dark Ages. In the changing Germany, family life is highly compromised. In Zeitblom’s account of events, there is a notable death for gratifying love relationships. In turn, marriages can only thrive in the realm of society in excluded rural settings. In such settings, there is a sense of purity that still bars the society from the infected climate that pervades the whole country. Inez and Helmut’s union is central to the understanding of a typical relationship that occurs in the 20th century Germany. In the narrative, Inez chooses Helmet for the security of a bourgeois life that he will eventually bestow upon the family. A tendency towards perfection constrains the development of love in such a family life. As the story develops, it emerges that Inez is in love with Rudi

The war between US and Iraq Annotated Bibliography

The war between US and Iraq - Annotated Bibliography Example Through such process, the authors were able to focus on the elite-mass dynamic seen in setting forth foreign policy options. The authors also assessed public opinion on threat perception, support for the war, and the beliefs about the possibility of terrorist attacks if the US did not implement retaliatory actions against Iraq. This study helped me gather as much information as possible on the public opinion of the war. This article discussed how the Iraqi War has sent Iraq into a political chaos and how the United States had no justified reason for its presence in Iraq. The article also discussed the insurgencies seen in Iraq as a reaction to the actions of the US government. This article brings to a sharper focus the unsupported claims of the US against Iraq and how such unfounded claims have only created more disasters for Iraq, if not for the US. This article helped me evaluate the impact of the war on Iraq and how US actions continue to cause chaos on Iraq. This research reviewed the premise that conservative-liberal identity functions as a preparation to adopt beliefs and attitude about newly politicized issues coincide with the socially accepted meanings of conservatism-liberalism. Study 1 of this research assessed in 2000, had a crucial prospective effect on the support in the invasion of Iraq in 2002 and in 2004, in relation to controlling substantive ideology, party identity, and demographics. For Study 2, the research discussed the conservative and liberal identifiers adopted positions on farm subsidy policies based on different signs which ideological groups support. I chose this paper because it discussed the impact of political discourse on the organization of political ideology. It also provided a theoretical understanding of the issue The above article is a personal account and analysis by the author on the events which unfolded in Iraq since the US declared war against it. The US troops have largely made

Factors for Human Resource (HR) Planning in Healthcare

Factors for Human Resource (HR) Planning in Healthcare AMANDO TAGUINOD III student number: 12001406 TASK 1 INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH REPORT As a recent graduate, appointed to an HR advisory role within a large New Zealand healthcare organization, you have been requested by your manager to develop a discussion document for management which: Considers the following types of business factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization. BUSINESS GROWTH I am an owner of a small grocery store, fried chicken stand, and a printing press in our town Penablanca, Philippines. When I was still in Elementary, we have a chicken poultry wherein I love being given the responsibility to feed the chicken and eventually to dress, cut them according to its different parts and offer it to our neighbors and friends with its cheap price. Business is a part of my student life. As I grow, selling goods and offering the business to my classmates and friends is my hobby. When I finished my school, as I practice my profession as a registered nurse I continued my hobby of selling goods such as Longanisa (ground pork), Chicharon (dried crispy pork) and milk candies. Eventually I started to put up and managed a small grocery store, fried chicken stand and a printing press. These are some of my tips on how to maintain and grow a business. Firstly, improve customer service. One of the most important thing to do is to attract the people by saying good things about the products and the dealers should always have a good marketing skills. In my business, I have a total of 6 staffs, I trained my staffs on how to treat customers. And we have schedule dates and time of meetings to discuss issues for improvements. Second, my grocery business is composed of different items. Foods and nonfoods. There are things to discover on a business like the demands of the customers wherein they should have variety of choices. The needs and wants of the community should always be the top priority and considering at least 2 unique items each week helps to increase the number of customers for they are excited to see what’s next item will be out. Third, included in my marketing plan in my business is the posters and leaflets written are the different items sold in my store. Since, I consider cheaper ones I focused on producing basic material that is stylish but functional. Once In a year I update my posters. Fourth, I expanded my business by joining up with another business such as my fried chicken stand to promote a special offer aside from having a grocery store. It is a great way to get business into new markets with new opportunities. There are big numbers of customers in my Fried chicken stand. Since the location is just beside my Grocery store, most of my customers in my Chicken stand are also buying grocery items in my grocery store Fifth, if you want to build future sales through repeat customers, you need to make it clear that you stand behind your offerings. A good start is to offer a money-back guarantee for any product sold. Pay attention to your customers, Take any feedback from customers seriously and make an effort to thank them for sharing their thoughts – even if they are raising concerns or making a complaint. If you have a regular customer who isn’t happy with a new marketing strategy or product line, listen to what they have to say. There’s a chance that other customers might share their concerns. These are the attributes I learned and apply it in my future business in healthcare organization. Decline and Change At Ambridge Rest Home and private Hospital, before the construction and renovation making it to big facility, the rest home started as a trial Rest home. A 10 bed capacity and a very generic rest home. This idea was for the staffs and other people to visit the facitliy and open some comments and suggestions for improvement. Eventually when staffs and designers made up a compiled suggestions coming from them and other concerned measurements, fittings, furniture, equipment and color schemes were made before renovating it to a beautiful and big building. This was to ensure that the very best design and look would be the end result and it is also to invite costumers and competing with the other facilities. Change is inevitable in the life of an organization. In today’s business world, most of the organizations are facing a dynamic and changing business environment. They should either change or die. Organizations that learn and cope with change will thrive and flourish and others w ho fail to do so will be wiped out. In an organization Change is not only in the physical aspect of the building but also on their technologies, political, economic, social, legal, international, and labour market environments. In very simple words, we can say that change means updating, modification or alteration of the present situation for the improvement of the healthcare facility and making things different. Competition In Healthcare Business, competent applicants are looking for a big health care organization to work and for them to have a good experience and good pay. There is no more need for that organization to post or to distribute posters to market their company to people. The applicants itself will definitely search for that big company and apply it through the internet. Unlike small business they need some efforts such as marketing strategies (tools/materials and papers for marketing purposes). In such a scenario, a human resource department will need to focus on developing recruitment materials and attending job fairs to promote the company and attract applicants. Human resource are responsible to maintain or retain employees by providing them professional growth. Impact of labour market competition and technology To work in a care business is to make a positive difference to someone’s life. You will need to have good communication and listening skills, and feel passionate about supporting other people to live a more independent and fulfilling life. The skill of an employee is the number one edge in a business organization. In a healthcare setting, staffs should be fitted in the different approach of care. They should be well trained and independently perform skills with competence. In a Heath care scenario like rest home in order for the families of the residents to build trust to the company they see to it that their admitted family members are well cared considering their diseases and mental illnesses (Alzheimer’s, dementia and etc.). Furthermore, flexibility is very important factor that will lead to productivity and success of the company. Technology, simply means saving effort and money. A job that supposedly accomplished by 2 to 3 people can be done by a single person. Technology makes easy steps in making business. Some care would not be possible without technology. In the Philippines, some Hospitals especially primary care hospitals are dependent in the old practice of care. They usually, catering primary care which doesn’t include the needs of technology, or if not they refer their patients to tertiary hospitals providing adequate knowledge and advanced technologies to treat them. Impact of Employee Development According to my research readings authorized by Ruth Mayhew a senior professional human resource manager at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He cited different employee-development plans. According to him each plans depends on employee’s current position, aptitude, performance and professional goals. These three development plans contributes to the provision of quality employees in a Healthcare organization. One of these is, Performance-Based Employee Development Plan, this plan focuses on the performance of employees yearly, review their previews performance, capabilities, accomplishments and goals for the next year. One of the examples is based from my experience, I was given the chance to be trained as ANTI-RABIES and VENUM VACCINATION provider in one of the prestigious Health Care Organizations in our country sponsored by my employer. It brought an impact in my profession and as an employee as well. It developed more my skills and confidence that builds a trust to m y company and work well with them. Considers the following types of human resource requirements and factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization Internal and external factors in matching personnel organizational requirements Internal Forces Internal factors may create big impact to the change in the organization. Such internal factors are changes in the managerial personnel. In the Philippines the retirement age for employees is 60 years old. Old head nurses are replaced by new ones. But that is the oly one factor it can affected by promotion, transfer or dismissal. Each new leader brings his own ideas and way of working in the organization. The relationships, more particularly informal ones, changes because of changes in managerial personnel. Moreover, attitude of the personnel change even though there is no changes in them. The result in that an organization has to change accordingly. Nature of the work force. The new generation of workers are well educational and updated and loyal to their career. Their behavior is more complex compared with the once which leads them towards organizational goals External Forces Each organization has goals and responsibilities related to each other in the environment. The organization changes according to the outside environment. It can be social, political, economic, technology, and legal environment force. Such changes may result in major functions production and nature of competitions. In order to survive in the changing environment, organization must change. Technology. The result makes our work easier and makes the company more competitive with others. To established equilibrium with other companies technology should also be updated. Marketing conditions. An organization markets their facilities and skills to outside environment to compete with other facilities. Such forces that affects the competitive position of the facility is marketing the facility to the people but the people will still choose other facility. Improvements and innovations is important. There may be changes in costumers in terms of their needs, liking –disliking and income/budget of the facility. These changes from the organizations focused on which meet costumer’s requirement. Social changes: Social changes reflect in terms of people’s aspirations, the needs, and their ways of working. These social changes affect the behavior of people in the organization. There, it is required to make adjustment in its working so that it matches with people. Political and legal changes: Any changes in these political and legal factors may affect the organization operation. Since these legal and political changes should be followed, any changes of these factors would bring an impact in the organization. Government policies and labour market competition Based from my experienced abroad specifically in Libya, their government provides policies and standards for nurses who can work as operating theater nurse in one of their hospitals. Nurses should be well experienced in the field of their specialty and abide the laws and policies governing their profession. Filipino nurses in Libya are competing to fill the gaps of special areas (Operating Theater and ICU) in all government hospitals. In the Philippines, all nurses are required to take a Government Licensure examination to practice their profession. We must abide by our government policy to get a job and experience. There are also government offered trainings that is a must to be called competent and have an edge with others.

Analyzing The Advocate Essays -- Magazine Gay Lesbian Essays

Analyzing The Advocate The Advocate is a magazine designed to attract and arouse gay men, lesbian women and to a lesser extent bisexual and transgender people. The September 12, 2000 issue of The Advocate uses advertisements, news topics, popularly recognized celebrities as well as political and philosophical viewpoints that fit its target audience. The target audience for The Advocate is shown on its cover page as "The national gay & lesbian newsmagazine." Also notable is the fact that the majority of persons featured in the publication are not heterosexually oriented, which would be favorable to a non-heterosexual audience. Many articles have some reference to a lesbian or gay political, television, or musical celebrity. Some examples from the table of contents are, " Mary Cheney, Rhona Cameron, Jack Larson, Chris Isherwood and Stephen Gately" (The Advocate 3). This appeals to the large number of people who are attracted to anything that might reveal some delectable tidbit about a public figure. In this sense, The Advocate can appeal to straight, or heterosexual, people as well as the usual audience of gay and lesbian persons. T he main theme of The Advocate seems to be a mixture of news and political issues from around the world, especially those with importance to gay and lesbian people. For example, the main cover story is titled " The Dilemma of Mary Cheney" and is followed by, "Will the lesbian daughter of the GOP vice presidential candidate Dick Cheney be forced to choose between being true to her family and true to herself? " There is the question of whether Mr. Cheney would accept something that would discriminate against his daughter and what Mary Cheney would do in turn. This story has much current releva... ...with a cartoon bubble with the word "fag" written twelve times with the word "bitch" stuck in second to last, for contrast (notes from a blonde. 39). This unusual use of slang and profanity appeals to gay men that have been offended by Eminem as well as those who are attracted to his popularity. An advertisement that also makes use of non-heterosexual notoriety is for the "Rainbow Card" which features pictures of Martina Naratilova in front of a Gay Pride parade (Rainbow Card 31). Martina is somewhat of a gay icon because she publicly embraced her sexuality. These advertisements and articles are targeted specifically for the gay and lesbian audience. The political philosophy of The Advocate covers the wide spectrum of people who identify themselves as not heterosexual. Works Cited The Advocate: The national gay and lesbian newsmagazine. September 12, 2000.

Genographic Project Informative Speech

The Genographic Project I. INTRODUCTION A. (attention grabber): Everyone here probably knows what ethnicity you are, where your immediate family came from, or maybe can even trace your great-great grandparents. But what if I told you that you can find out where your ancestors came from tens of thousands of years ago from using this! (hold up a cotton swab) B. (thematic statement): Today I will be talking to you about The Genographic Project and what it has discovered in terms of ancestry. C. (establish significance/credibility): National Geographic has been conducting the Genographic Project since 2005. Consider the following article: Informative Speech on African CultureThey have been collecting DNA samples from people, and by studying and grouping the genetic markers people possess, it can be determined which path your ancestors took when populating the world! It can answer why we ended up where were are, and why there is a wide variety of colors and features amongst humans. Now, what I am going to be talking to you about today is National Geographic’s Genographic Project only, because the scientific community has not come to a concensus that their findings are valid, and the project is still ongoing. D. preview of main points): (pic) So today I will explain to what the National Geographic Genographic Project is, how it is being conducted, what their findings are, and how you can be a part of it. [transition]: But first, let’s talk about what this Genographic Project is, and a little about the science behind it. II. BODY A. (main point #1): In 2005, National Geograph ic Genographic Project was launched. a. According to National Geographic News. Com, Dr. Spencer Wells (pic)and a team of scientists are using technologies to uncover the truth of our genetic roots.They are analyzing patterns in DNA from participants worldwide that can tell us where we came from. He created the project to further validate his previous research about where humans came from. There is great debate about where humans originated and the paths they took to populate the world. http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2002/12/1212_021213_journeyofman. html b. According to Genographic Project website, So lets get into a little science†¦here’s how it works: Fathers pass on Y chromosomes to their sons, and for Mothers and daughters, its different. Mothers pass mitochondrial DNA to their daughters, and their sons.This â€Å"genetic code† becomes varied through the generations through occasional mutations. When a mutation occurs, it becomes a marker that can b e traced, and serve as genetic signposts for tracing evolution. Scientists, like Dr. Wells, can actually follow markers through time and determine the earliest ancestor for each marker. These markers in our genes can also help us to chart human migrations from Africa to other continents. The markers continue to split and split and you can eventually identify the root of all these branches to a common ancestor in Africa. ttps://genographic. nationalgeographic. com/science-behind/genetics-overview/ [transition/with signposting]: Ok, Now we have an idea of what it is and the science behind it, let’s take a look at How they are doing it and what they found. B. (main point #2): How it is being conducted- The Results they are finding. a. Dr. Wells and his team are obtaining DNA samples from ordinary people like you and me, and they are also traveling around the world to indigenous peoples and traditional cultures and obtaining DNA samples from them also.He is focused on obtaining v ery different samples of DNA to get the complete picture. https://genographic. nationalgeographic. com/about/ b. As can be seen in The Human Family Tree, (a documentary about this project), (pic)the team set up a booth at a street fair in Queens. Imagine the diversity they found in that one street that day. They took DNA samples from various people and contributed the samples to the project. (They did share their findings with the people who participated weeks later) (Movie source: The Human Family Tree- National Geographic) . The Results are amazing. (pic) They were able to chart a road map of sorts to identify the roots that people took when they migrated out of Africa, by grouping the markers they found in the DNA that was collected. (talk about chart/map and how to identify the markers) https://genographic. nationalgeographic. com/human-journey/ d. They estimate that all humans alive today can trace their DNA back to a woman who lived in Africa between 150,000 and 170,000 years ago. pic) She wasn’t the first human, of course, but when you trace the markers in our DNA, it ends with her. That means that all other lineages have died out prior to hers, and her genetic marker lived on and is in each and every one of us. http://www. oldthingsforgotten. com/dna/mtdna. htm [transition /with signposting]: Ok, let’s move on to how you can join in too, now that we know what the results are. C. (main point #3) How you can help/join a. (pic) If you’ve got about $200 bucks, you can purchase Geno 2. – Genographic Project Participation and DNA Ancestry Kit, in which you will receive these really fancy cotton swabs, and an envelope to return the results back to National Geographic. Let’s not forget you can keep the box as a keepsake! A portion of the proceeds from selling the kid goes back into the project for funding. You can then join their website, and your results will be posted there. You can also interact, if you upgrade your accoun t, with various other people with the same genetic markers as you- Distant Cousins! http://shop. ationalgeographic. com/ngs/browse/productDetail. jsp? productId=2001246&gsk&code=MR20936 b. So basically, what you can expect to find out is which root your genetic markers indicate you traveled. (back to map)So in a sense, you will find out which â€Å"highway† your ancestors took around the world. So for instance, (talk about African-American gentleman who’s roots did not indicate what he thought it would). III. CONCLUSION A. (review of main points): So today we have learned about what the Genographic Project is, how it is conducted and what the results are.Plus we are all going to run straight to the nearest computer and purchase the kit, right? B. (reminder of significance): National Geographic has been instrumental in documenting and researching all kinds of things around the world with respect to human and animal populations, across the globe. This project is no diffe rent. They have the resources and the scientists behind the research to determine where we all came from. C. (dynamic closure): So I bet the next time you look at one of these (cotton swab), you will remember that it can used the solve the mystery about where you came from!

My Personal Management Plan Essay

This plan will help with the discipline aspect of the classroom and helping students know what expectations are when entering into the classroom if done on a consistent basis. In the beginning of the school expectation should be given so that students are aware of the goals that are expected of them collectively and individually. With this classroom management plan there are a few things that should be taken into consideration in order for the plan to be of success. Shown below are a few steps that could be used in the classroom: Step 1, It’s Easier to get Easier, Step 2, Fairness is key, Step 3, Deal with disruption in the classroom as little as possible, Step 4, Avoid confrontation in front of students, Step 5, Stop disruptions with a little humor, Step 6, Keep High Expectation in your Classroom, Step 7, Over plan, Step 8, Be Consistent, Step 9, Make Rules Understandable and Step 10, Start everyday fresh. Having a classroom management plan set in place for your classroom will give students goals to look forward to accomplish with taking their education seriously for their future. My Personal Classroom Management Plan My personal management plan will start off with a motivational quote of the day that will encourage students daily. With this motivational quote daily will be followed along with the ten steps that makes up a successful classroom management plan. The first step is called it’s easier to get easier and this is simply setting the tone of your classroom day one with your students because believe it or not students come in scoping to see what they can and cannot get away with in their classroom. Secondly, fairness is key this is making sure that all students are treated the same overall unconditionally because they pick up on favoritism within the classroom. Thirdly, deal with disruptions with as little interruption as possible. This is saying instead of stopping completely in the middle of your lesson to chastise a student for not paying attention try calling on the student with a question in reference to what the class discussion is to alert them that you do see them off task and this should help them get back on task. Fourthly, it is important to avoid confrontations in front of students even though in some cases you can make your point that way but every disciplinary action should be handled on a personal note so that you don’t lose a chance of teaching that student because of embarrassment. Fifthly, stop disruptions with a little humor. Sometimes classrooms can seem so serious all the time and even though that student may have disturbed the flow of the teaching the class may need that moment of laughter to break the ice for second and then get back on track. Sixthly, keep high expectations in your classroom. Always expect nothing but the best from your students academically. Expect nothing but positive behavior in the classroom. Expect for your students to know that there is a time and place for everything and that they know when to determine that time at the sound of your voice when you start the day off with what the expectations are for the day. Seventhly, over plan each day so that there is no free time for the classroom to go another route in a way that you do not intend for you class to go. There is never too much work on one topic just in case the lesson doesn’t go as long as intended you will always have extra activities. Eighthly, be consistent being consistent is what makes the flow of the classroom go smoothly throughout the day and throughout the school year. As a teacher being strict one day and lenient the next day will cause for your students to lose respect for you and will tend to now try and run over you because they now feel like they can get away with misbehavior. Ninthly, make rules understandable, all rules should be short simple and precised of what is expected and what is not expected of them and consequences should be known ahead of time so that no surprises are made and when inappropriate actions are made they already know what is going to happen to them because of that action. Last but not least, start fresh every day, each day is a new day and should be handled in such a manner no action from the day before should role over into the next day. Me as a Teacher!!! As an educator I see myself as a positive role that students can look up to. As an positive role model I must conduct myself with a positive and respectful attitude. My students will know the importance of giving respect to receive respect and this is something that I go by no matter what the age is everyone deserves respect. I see myself as an educator that is passionate about what it is that I do. I want nothing but the best for my students and want to see each and every one of them prosper in success with their future endeavors. As a teacher I feel that it is my duty to go the extra mile in making sure that they are successful to face society and whatever else that may be put up against. As an educator it is my duty to nurture and love these students as if they were my own being that they are with me majority of the time in a day and five days of the seven days in a week. It is important for me to understand that all students are not coming from positive households and to make the time at school meaningful and worthwhile that there is hope and another look of life than what they may see each day when leaving school. It is my duty to be a responsible leader and educator because I have influential students’ lives in my hand. What’s expected from the Students!!! What I have come to realize is that students/ children like structure. It is important for them to know that they cannot run over their teacher or any adult. Everyday my students will be greeted and at the starting of the class they will be reminded of classroom expectations. Students will be required and held accountable for the following responsibilities: †¢ Self- Control †¢ Positive attitude as a person and in the classroom overall †¢ Saying I CAN’T is not an option †¢ Quitting is not an option when something is challenging †¢ Respect one another as they respect all adults Respect their classroom as their learning academic environment space †¢ Encourage one another!!! Atmosphere of the Classroom!!! It is important to make sure that your classroom is conducive for learning. This is simply having your classroom free of clutter. If the classroom is chaotic with mess and everything is all over the place then nine time out of ten then students and t he classroom will be ran in chaos because the brain is clouded with the unorganized materials that is around the individuals. Classrooms should display the way of learning that students take on. As the leader of your classroom sanctuary it is important that you make sure the atmosphere is positive, welcoming and comfortable for your students. Student Conduct!!! It is important that you get your students to understand the importance of their education, how valuable it is and beneficial for their future. Students must know how to conduct there selves accordingly in how they want others to see them as behaved students. I believe when students are included in making decisions in the classroom that you get a different response from them as a hold. This gives students a responsibility and makes them feel included in how they believe the classroom should be run. This helps to cherish the rules more in the classroom because they feel that they had something to do with the decision made for the rules. It is important to make sure that lessons are exciting to your students so that the lessons keep their attention throughout. Behavior Intervention Strategies!!! Behavioral strategies are very important because all students are not going to behave in a way that you expect for them to behave. In some cases you always have one student that want to see how far they can push you with their behavior. With this plan you can nip it in a bud right away and let them know that their behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated in the classroom. Also, there are positive and negative behaviors that either needs to reprimand or praised for what it is that they have done. Strategies that can be used are as follow: †¢ Rewarding a student when they have followed instructions or done something that was worth bringing attention to so that they know what it is that they you are expecting from them. †¢ Being consistent with consequences when rules are broken. †¢ Be mindful that some students do things because they need that extra attention that they may not be getting at home from their parents. †¢ Always, be ready for change in case the way you intended to correct a situation does not work with this particular student. Introducing the Plan!!! Introducing the classroom management plan to the classroom will simply discuss expectations of them as a group and individually. They will know and understand that our academics will not be taken lightly and should be done to the best of their ability. They know in the beginning that we all will respect one another collectively and no one will be disrespected in the classroom. This plan will be presented at the beginning of the school year to the parents and the students and expectations will start each school day so that students know that I am serious and take what it is that I do serious as well. Overall, having a classroom management plan in place for your classroom will help the day by day and school years go so much smoother. Not only having the plan makes the classroom run smoother but being consistent with what you stand by keeps students in place and in line and have a better success rate. It is important and okay for your students to know that you will do whatever it takes for them to above level but they must do their part as well and that’s with will power, courage and motivation.

John Gardner, Grendel Essays

John Gardner, Grendel Essays John Gardner, Grendel Essay John Gardner, Grendel Essay Essay Topic: Grendel Grendel by John Gardner In the novel Grendel, by John Gardner, the main character Grendel encounters two other characters who greatly influence his view about the world around him. One of which is The Sharper and the other is the dragon. They both influence Grendels views on life in a unique ways especially since he looks at his life as isolation due to his communication. The Dragon, is an interesting and intelligent character who claims to know everything. Hes a huge, red/golden dragon that lives in a cave filled with gold and gems. The dragon sees the world as a meaningless place which wore ff onto Grendel after their encounter. When Grendel arrived at the cave, the dragon was waiting for him and took full advantage of Grendels fear of him. On page 58 the dragon said, Ah Grendel. YouVe come! This shows the dragon was waiting for his arrival. They were talking about the Shaper and such. However, after this encounter with the dragon, Grendel sees the world as a meaningless place. The dragon influenced Grendels overall looks on life by pushing him even more towards isolation. The other character that influences how Grendel views his life of isolation is known s the Sharper. The Sharper represents the power of art and imagination to the people he tells his tails too. His positive attitude and spirits lifted Grendel up and brought hope into his life. The author gave such an important character very little characterization. Grendel is a very unique character that you need to take time to understand his full character. He views his life as isolation because of his relationships with humans and the way he reacts to others. He lacks communication because every time he tries to interact with humans, it ends in frustration and isappointment. Unfortunately most of the time he finds himself trapped in a state of mind where its a one-way communication or talking to things such as the sky and gets no response. Even his own mother is unable to communicate with him. On page 56, it says She whimpered one sound: Dool-dool! Dool-dool! And the hardest part is that Grendel and humans share a common language however the humans disgust and fear of him overrule all of that. Grendel is Just a character who you truly have to have your eyes and ears open to understand him.

20150616 750 Disc2 Essay examples

20150616 750 Disc2 Essay examples 20150616 750 Disc2 Essay examples Read Ch 3 & 4 of your Text: Organization Development and Change- Cummings & Worley. Answer the following questions. Explain your answers with specific examples from work and personal experiences. Connect your answers to the readings from your text. 1) What is your personal definition of OD? Organizational development is a research practice dedicated to developing systematic changes through data collection in an organization to improve performance. Organizational development studies behaviors and norms and creates plans to change ineffective standards and expand knowledge in ways that can produce evidentiary-based improvements. 2) In what ways do the definition(s) of OD as described in your text apply to your experiences and definition of OD? Explain. In my department there tends to be a lot of internal consulting, employees working from within assessing processes and behaviors to continuously improve process flow and organizational standards. As interruptions to processes occur, a review process is created to study, plan and change flows that aren’t working optimally. The following definition speaks to my understanding of organizational development within my organization. â€Å"Organizational development refers to a long-range effort to improve an organization’s problem-solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultants, or change agents, as they are sometimes called (French).† A current push is to improve process documentation throughout our department. We found that we are really underprepared when individuals retire or leave the department and that their knowledge base is leaving with them. This is a change that will always need to be monitored and reviewed as processes and systems continue to change. 3) What needs to be added or changed to the definition in regard to your experience and/or industry? Explain. I think that an element of flexibility needs to be added into the definition. Perhaps flexibility creates a looseness that is undesirable but it seems that as soon as we hone a process or

Business Thank You Letter How To

Business Thank You Letter How To Updated November, 2014 - Thanks to Leslie Harpold for this 6-step process, published in TMN, Oct.1, 2003. Leslie passed away in 2006. I’ve long admired her writing, and am sad to see it disappearing from the Internet, as her sites have not been renewed after her death. Leslie’s directions on writing the perfect thank you letter are flawless, and I want to help keep her work published, so here is her essay. I made tiny tweaks to match her instructions to business use. There is a six-point formula to the proper thank-you: Learn it, know it, memorize it – and it will never fail you. Having trouble finding the right words to thank your client for the contract or your colleague for the assistance? Should you even bother? Oh, yes, you should. Somewhere in between mom making us sit down with our Disney Stationary and shooting off an email, we’ve lost touch with the concept of simple thank you notes. Now that we’re business professionals, sometimes an email just won’t do, and more is expected than scratching out â€Å"Thanks for the help, you rock!† Grandma might not say anything to you, but trust me: She and her friends are probably at this very moment sighing over how business people today just don’t have manners. As extra motivation, thank you notes improve the frequency and quality of the help and good will you receive. People like being appreciated, and if they feel you actually notice the nice things they do for you, they’re more likely to give an encore performance. Writing a thank you is easier than you remember. Buy good quality plain note cards or plain postcards (yes, postcards are perfectly acceptable), and correct postage. Avoid the pre-inscribed ‘Thank you!’ cards in loopy script, as there are times you’ll want to write notes where that aesthetic feels wrong. Tip: Stay away from full-size sheets- note cards are best, as your message will be brief, and would look lost swimming around on a page that large. Use your printer to customize your plain paper with your name and address, for a more formal look, if you don’t want to invest in personalized business stationary. 1. Greet the Giver Dear David: That’s the easy part, but you’d be surprised how many people forget it. Dale Carnegie taught us people love to hear their own names and Direct Marketing is sure we also love to read them in ink. That’s right, ink. Blue-black is always the number-one choice, but black will suffice in a pinch. Don’t let a whimsical marker color be the most stunning part of your note: instead let the words sing without the amplification of rainbow hues. Even if your handwriting is poor, you should still hand-write your notes. 2. Express Your Gratitude Thank you for your help with our corporate community service project. Thank you for your invaluable advice with my department’s annual goals. Thank you for your business. This first paragraph seems like it would be the easiest, but it is actually the most complicated. Beware the just writing trap. You are not â€Å"just writing to say† as in I am just writing to say; that’s stating the obvious.If the giver is reading, clearly you have already written. Therefore use the present-perfect tense. Also, never directly mention money if you are thankful for a donation. â€Å"Thank you for the one hundred dollar donation† could instead be â€Å"Thank you for your generosity.† All cash denominations become â€Å"your generosity† or â€Å"your kindness.† Don’t worry if it sounds too simple; the point of writing the note is to create a simple expression of a heartfelt sentiment. 3. Discuss Use Your donation will add to ABC’s ability to support 1500 meals at the community shelter. Your advice enabled me to see through the obstacles, and clearly outline my expectations for our productivity this year to my team. We will contact everyone in your team and present the health programs available to them. 4. Mention the Past, Allude to the Future It was great to work with you at the fundraiser, and I hope to see you at the community service dinner in May. Your leadership has long guided me, and I continue to learn from your skill mentoring and supporting your team. I’m grateful for our long working relationship, and eager to support this new project for ABC Corporation. 5. Grace Thanks again for your donation. Thanks again for your advice. Thanks again for the opportunity to work with you. It’s not overkill to say thanks again. So, yes, say it. 6. Regards Best regards, Karen Simply wrap it up. Use whatever closing works for you and your business relationship: Kind regards, Yours truly, Sincerely. Then sign your name and you’re done. What’s Not There Any news about your personal or business life. This isn’t the time to boast about your new project, promotion, or bonus. The thank you is exclusively about thanking somebody for their kindness or assistance. While you may want more than anything to show them you amounted to something, this is not the forum. Save that for your annual holiday letter. Now mail it promptly. Even if your business colleagues aren’t of the note-writing variety, be the one who sets the precedent. Thank you note writing is one of the loveliest traditions to have been compromised by the information age, and sending well written thanks is a great opportunity for you to stand out.

Review and evaluate solutions for SMEs.for UK And also Saudi Arabia Dissertation

Review and evaluate solutions for SMEs.for UK And also Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example To further underpin and analyse these research objectives, the researcher used the anti-positivism research philosophy and inductive research approach based on personal observations and analysis of the situation. Primary data were collected in the form of interviews conducted on the SMEs owners based in the UK and Saudi Arabia while surveys were conducted on the consumers of the above mentioned countries. A total of 18 survey question were asked along with six interview questions and six more questions on ascertaining solutions for SMEs. The primary data revealed that the acceptance rate of e-commerce is quite high in the UK compared to Saudi Arabia mainly because of the acceptance of the technology by the owners and consumers. Furthermore, the risk factor, investment cost, security concerns, and perceived perceptions deterred the overall acceptance of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia. Based on the findings of the primary and secondary research, it was concluded that e-commerce has great d egree of benefits but requires great skill and expertise to implement it. Solutions in the context of Saudi Arabia were identified in the form of implementing small technological tools like websites through WordPress and enhancing the business presence. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1.Introduction 4 1.1Introduction 4 1.2 Research Aim 5 1.3 Research Objectives 5 1.4 Research Questions 5 1.5: Background of the Research 6 1.6 Rationale for the Research Topic 7 1.7 Scope of the Research 7 1.8: Proposed Methodology 7 1.9: Outline of the Dissertation 8 1.10: Summary 09 Chapter 2.0 Literature Review 10 2.1: Introduction 10 2.2: E-commerce and its Emergence 10 2.3: Significance of E-Commerce 12 2.4: E-Commerce in the UK 14 2.5: Less Adoption of E-commerce by SMEs in the UK 20 2.6: E-commerce in Saudi Arabia 21 2.7: Less Adoption of E-commerce by the SMEs in Saudi Arabia 23 2.8: SMEs and E-commerce Barriers in the UK and Saudi Arabia 26 2.9: SMEs and Technological Challenges 28 2.10: SMEs Soluti ons in the UK and Saudi Arabia 30 2.10.1: Reasons for the Difference in E-commerce Solutions 35 2.11: Summary 37 Chapter 3.0 Research Methodology 38 3.1: Introduction 38 3.2: Research Philosophy 38 3.3: Research Approach 39 3.4: Data Collection Methods 39 3.5: Research Design 39 3.6: Sampling 40 3.7: Questionnaire Formulation 40 3.8: Data Analysis 42 3.9: Ethical Considerations 42 3.10: Pilot Study 42 3.11: Strengths and Limitations of the Methodology 43 3.10: Summary 43 Chapter 4.0 Analysis 44 4.1: Introduction 44 4.2: Survey Analysis 44 4.3: Solutions for SMEs Pertaining to E-commerce 57 4.4: Interview Analysis (Saudi SMEs Owners) 61 4.5: Interview Analysis (UK SMEs Owners) 62 4.6: Association between Surveys and Interviews 64 4.7: Association between Primary Research and Literature Review 65 4.8: Summary 66 Chapter 5 Evaluation of Findings 67 5.1: Introduction 67 5.2: Possible Conclusion 67 5.3: Relationship between Primary data and Literature Review 68 5.4: Accomplishment of Res earch Objectives 69 5.4: Overall Expectations 69 5.5: Opportunity for Re-writing 70 5.6: Summary 70 Chapter-6: Conclusion and Recommendations 71 6.1: introduction 71 6.2: Conclusion 71 6.3: Suggestion for Future Work 74 6.4: Recommendations for SMEs and Future Research 75 6.5:

Strategy and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategy and management - Assignment Example This company saw this as an opportunity to expand by capturing the market that had been left by the major industry players. A competitive marketing strategy has been adopted in seeking to help the company to capture the desired market. There different markets available within the industry have prompted competitive strategies to be adopted by the airlines operating within the industry in order to compete effectively. The deregulation of the industry left all the markets and routes open to the available firms. Due to the changing market demographics, there is need to develop products that meet the needs of each market based on the characteristics of the market (Kotler & Keller 2011). These characteristics of the market vary in terms of distance, number of firms in the market and the daily demand for the airline seats. The company has adopted a pricing strategy that is aimed at ensuring all the markets that are available have been accessed. Accessing these markets will enable the company to become competitive within the industry by reaching a wide range of markets. The company has adopted an approach of flying once within each route in seeking to ensure that they have an extensive reach. As time progresses, there is hope to increase the number of flights to different routes to maximise on the widening customer base. The company is focused on flying within routes that terminate at large cities as they have large airline connecting and their clients can connect too many destinations. This approach has been adopted in order to ensure the customers are satisfied by the services as they can reach destinations where they connect to other airlines (Middleton & Clarke 2012). The preference for many customers is direct flights and the company has adopted such routes, except the route D, which has a stop-over. The scheduling element of the flight remains a crucial factor that can

Goya Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Goya Foods - Essay Example These factor would influence the marketing objectives of the business it overall performance. Businesses that are unable to factor viable products in the market usually fail. Management is a critical factor that influences the success of the business. The company CEO is a figure that influence, growth and success of the business. Policies adopted a business would influence it behavior in a competitive market. In designing business policies and marketing objectives, the management evaluates all possible factors that dictate business performance in different environment. This paper intends to evaluate the performance of Goya Food. Company overview Goya Food Company distributes and manufactures a wide range of food products. Goya Food Company has its headquarters in New Jersey. The Company command large market share, which springs to Latin America among other destinations. The products of company borrows a lot from the traditions of various communities it serves especially the Hispanic foods (Liberman 84). Most of foods products of Goya Food Company constitute the traditional taste of Hispanic foods. The company marketing strategy adopted the trend of producing and distributing Hispanic foods because of the customer culture that influence market stability. It is also important to note that Goya Food Company relies on the market information in developing viable products that respond to changes in market demands. The company began its operation in 1936. Goya Food Company import food products Spain in order to manufacture products, which would meet the needs of the Hispanic people whom it serves. Goya Food Company is one of the largest family owned companies in the United States. The company CEO is Bob Unanue who has a duty of steering the company to higher heights. Goya Food Company is among the few family companies that have sufficed all odds to remain viable in the market. Leadership of Goya Food Company Management is a vital element in company business. Managemen t of the company is a pillar that has kept the company in market for more than seventy years. The leadership style applied by Goya Food Company has been a critical factor that has steered the company to the current level it has reached. Since the company is family owned, board of directors of the company are family members. This is quite appealing because the members have been able to make difficult management decisions, which has influenced the progress of the company. For instance, the former company CEO Joseph made many decision of the company without involving the board members a fact that led to his ousting. Agreement among the members of the body during annual meetings of the company influences the management operation of the company. Largely, the decision of the board influence top management of the company. It is also important to note that, family members of the company founder form the shareholders of the company. This is in accordance to private company establishment act. Success of the company lies on the strategic leadership approaches adopted by the company. Research reveals that the company management body solves its disagreement through conversation. The CEO of the company alludes that court is the last option that the company would seek for intricate issues that affects its management (Goya). The leadership of Bob Unanue has ensured that the company develops new products and expands its market share. It is unique for family companies to develop several distribution outlets and products without facing challenges that threaten the growth of the company. Bob has been able to coordinate and make strategic decisions, which influence the overall performance of the

The fierce competetion between the conventional and islamic banks at Case Study

The fierce competetion between the conventional and islamic banks at the Kuwait finance bank in Bahrain - Case Study Example This has resulted in the process of tremendous competition in the marketplace. In an effort to sustain in the well connected and highly competitive global marketplace, companies around the world are significantly asking for large loan amounts in order to fuel their organizational growth needs. On the other hand, the consumers in an attempt to maintain a suitable lifestyle are focusing on the process of acquiring financial support for the purpose of acquiring homes, vehicles and other necessary products and services. This is triggering the need for financial support services from banking institutions around the world. However, the banks in an attempt to maintain profits are providing loans on competitive and attractive interest rates. However, talking on this note, it can be said that the effect of macroeconomic factors like slowdown of productivity in the developed countries, credit crunch and Euro Zone crisis are playing significant roles in the process of determining the rate of in terest on the financial loans in banking systems around the world. ... With the growth of business operation in the Middle Kingdom, a particular style of banking was introduced in an attempt to fund the large scale business operations of that time. During those early days of banking, the financial institutions used to charge riba. The riba in various Arabic and Middle East religions dialects is represented and meant as a bite to the pain inflicted upon the debtor (Ahmed 2011) . Riba in simple terms represents the interest rates on a loan (Bakar, â€Å"Riba and Islamic Banking And Finance†). However, with regards to the Islamic Law which is referred as Shari’aa, Muslims were not allowed to deal in riba and it was declared as a highly prohibited action, which will attract sin. As a result of this, when the Europeans of those times focused on developing the trade channels with the Ottoman Empire by doing business through the interest based loan and banking system, the local business community rejected the offers. This led to the formation of a culture among the Muslim community to avoid loans altogether. In the recent times, a lot of development has happened with regards to the initiative taken King Faisal of Saudi Arabia in 1974 to develop a banking system, which follows the Islamic law (Rahman 2010). The years after that followed a generation of a significant amount of interest for the purpose of building and developing a more sophisticated and modernized version of the pre-existing methods related to Islamic banking. It can be said also highlighted in these regards that the process of re-emergence of the Islamic banking system was to some extent fuelled by the desire of the Muslim communities to stay clear of any kind of financial

Patch 1,2 and 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Patch 1,2 and 3 - Essay Example People are, in most cases,compelled to learn more than one language at a time, the existing knowledge of a native language affects both the pace, and level that one learns a new language. Young learners always think in their native language and relay the information in the new language. This breaks a number of semantic rules governing the use of the new language and if not corrected in time, its effect may last to affect how he or she uses the new language. Additionally, the teacher of the new language and his native language influences the manner in which their students learn the new language. In the Western world, students of new language always seek the services of a native speaker of the new language or travel to a country of the new language to learn. In the developing world, students learn second hand languages taught by fellow natives. The teachers therefore break a number of rules and pass the broken languages to their students. This explains why the English spoken in a numbe r of African countries is either pronounced differently or infused will local pidgins. The student in the case study suffers from the influence of mother tongue too. From the way he writes, it is clear that he is not an English native speaker. French sounds like English in a number of ways, some of the French words sound and mean the same to other English words. However, the greatest difference between English and French is the French attach gender to most of its words and sentences. From the write up, it is evident that the writer is trying to keep up with the English language requirements but because he keeps thinking in French, he finds himself attaching a gender to some of the English words. A remedy to this is constant practice and the ability to detach from the use of a native language while learning a different language. It is never possible to abolish the use of the first language especially when learning another but learners need concentrate on the new language and use the semantic rules of the new language. This way, they minimize the number of grammatical mistakes they make on the new language. This also makes the learning a lot faster. Another key factor that affects a learner’s ability to learn and use a new language is age. This factor is debatable but most scholars concur that young learners usually master the rules of a new language faster than older learners do. In young age, people are not preoccupied with other businesses, as is the case in old age. Children will therefore concentrate more on the new language and master it faster. Additionally, this has also contributed to the fact that children interact more with their peers than adults do. It is in these interactions that they learn from their colleagues the new language and the rules that govern the usage of the new language. Despite the faster speed of learning a language at a younger age, it is also evident that young learners have a tendency of forgetting a language that they do not use faster. There is no remedy to this apart from continuous practice and the usage of the multiple languages one learned. The writer in this case is an adult learner. His age is best determined based on the issues he addresses in his article. Some of the themes he struggles to raise are those that children cannot possibly comprehend. Writing is different from speaking.

Retailing and Wholesaling MBA (Masters Level) Essay

Retailing and Wholesaling MBA (Masters Level) - Essay Example Value-added resellers normally have a disadvantage in cost structure compared to channel members that compete mainly on the basis of price or convenience, such as discount stores or mail-order firms. This means that the value-added reseller in a diverse multiple channel context must either (1) charge a higher price than other channel members based on the provision of valued services or (2) live with a relatively small gross margin (Dunne and Lusch 2007). Professor Leo Aspinwall advanced the depot theory to explain some of the reasons for the changes that have occurred in the physical handling and storing of goods, the growth of manufacturers' wholesale branches, and the changing position of general-line wholesaling. The depot theory of distribution states that goods tend to move toward the point of final consumption at a rate established by the ultimate consumer. The theory views depots as places that move rather than store goods -- that get goods to retailers at the lowest handling and transportation costs (Dunne and Lusch 2007). Accordingly, a steady flow of goods is envisaged from production to final consumption. The intermediaries facilitating the flow are in essence depots that perform a largely service function on the basis of costs of services performed, and so tend to eliminate merchandising profits. For example, backward integration of retail food chains and cost-plus wholesalers illustrate the performance of the depot func tion and the elimination of merchandising costs (Dunne and Lusch 2007). If the retailer links with independent channel members in one or several of its multiple channels (e.g., it uses independent sales representatives), the same basic challenges faced by the manufacturer in utilizing multiple channels could be faced by the retailer as well. Intrabrand or intratype competition could be heightened in the territories served by the retailer's multiple channels, prices and margins could be reduced, conflicts and alienation could arise, and support and control could wane (at least in the independent channels) (Dunne and Lusch 2007). The functions of retailers in the channel have been to assemble merchandise, maintain an inventory, price, promote, advertise, sell, and account for the merchandise, again as a service to the manufacturer and the ultimate consumer. Further, retailers have also provided a place for consumers to shop and find other services that might assist them in obtaining or using the available goods. The channel systems that have developed and, granted, have been improved over the years, have been built on some very basic beliefs about consumers, their needs and wants, and what they are willing to accept from channel members. It is these basic marketplace assumptions that are being challenged by direct and database marketers (Dunne and Lusch 2007). As was discussed earlier, technology and communication allow consumers to learn about and demand increasingly differentiated and even personalized products. As this occurs, the traditional economies of scale that have accrued to those manufacturers and retailers with extensive facilities and large sales volumes are no longer important in the marketplace. Smaller companies, using technology and direct and database marketing approaches, can compete not only effectively, but in many cases more efficiently than can large companies. As technology expands and sales-driven inventorying become

Patch 1,2 and 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Patch 1,2 and 3 - Essay Example People are, in most cases,compelled to learn more than one language at a time, the existing knowledge of a native language affects both the pace, and level that one learns a new language. Young learners always think in their native language and relay the information in the new language. This breaks a number of semantic rules governing the use of the new language and if not corrected in time, its effect may last to affect how he or she uses the new language. Additionally, the teacher of the new language and his native language influences the manner in which their students learn the new language. In the Western world, students of new language always seek the services of a native speaker of the new language or travel to a country of the new language to learn. In the developing world, students learn second hand languages taught by fellow natives. The teachers therefore break a number of rules and pass the broken languages to their students. This explains why the English spoken in a numbe r of African countries is either pronounced differently or infused will local pidgins. The student in the case study suffers from the influence of mother tongue too. From the way he writes, it is clear that he is not an English native speaker. French sounds like English in a number of ways, some of the French words sound and mean the same to other English words. However, the greatest difference between English and French is the French attach gender to most of its words and sentences. From the write up, it is evident that the writer is trying to keep up with the English language requirements but because he keeps thinking in French, he finds himself attaching a gender to some of the English words. A remedy to this is constant practice and the ability to detach from the use of a native language while learning a different language. It is never possible to abolish the use of the first language especially when learning another but learners need concentrate on the new language and use the semantic rules of the new language. This way, they minimize the number of grammatical mistakes they make on the new language. This also makes the learning a lot faster. Another key factor that affects a learner’s ability to learn and use a new language is age. This factor is debatable but most scholars concur that young learners usually master the rules of a new language faster than older learners do. In young age, people are not preoccupied with other businesses, as is the case in old age. Children will therefore concentrate more on the new language and master it faster. Additionally, this has also contributed to the fact that children interact more with their peers than adults do. It is in these interactions that they learn from their colleagues the new language and the rules that govern the usage of the new language. Despite the faster speed of learning a language at a younger age, it is also evident that young learners have a tendency of forgetting a language that they do not use faster. There is no remedy to this apart from continuous practice and the usage of the multiple languages one learned. The writer in this case is an adult learner. His age is best determined based on the issues he addresses in his article. Some of the themes he struggles to raise are those that children cannot possibly comprehend. Writing is different from speaking.

The White Dress Poem Essay Example for Free

The White Dress Poem Essay The White Dress is an expressionism poem discussing a powerful, universal connection with the dress hanging in the woman’s closet. She analyzes how she thinks the dress sitting in the closet would feels, should it be alive, ready to be at her service upon demand, cosmetically. When she wears decorative highly fashionable dress, the dress becomes a part of her, and the woman becomes part of the dress. The two are inseparable, like she is describing two special people feel towards each other. The white dress described in this poem is a formal dress, taken out for special occasions. Of all the dresses in her closet, and even other white dresses in her closet, this is the dress she writes an analytical emotional poem about. Perhaps she is discussing a one time special occasion when she was wearing the dress, perhaps when she got engaged, met a special friend, or maybe she is expressing her desire to wear the formal reserved dress more often.   The deep fascination she has with the dress is very intriguing, because the strongest emotional empowerment she feels to the dress is invisible, but overwhelming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her line in the first paragraph â€Å"We itch to feel it, it itches to feel us, it feels like an itch† (Emanuel, par. 1 lines 3, 4). This line is saying there is an underlying emotional reason why she was attracted to purchase that particular dress in the store, amongst all other dresses. Everyone, or at least all women, experience this â€Å"sudden click† when they see a dress or other item when shopping. There are items everyone buys, for example everyone needs clothes. Most clothes are purchased because the look good, or we need them for something coming up. Then there are items that click with us. When this happens, we always just happen to have the money, sometimes it may be barely enough, and more often than not, it is on clearance or better than average price. When she talks about mutual â€Å"itch† she is describing that sudden click when we see an item calling out to us in the store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Next paragraphs she speaks about its decorations, the actual character or identity of the dress. â€Å"Encrusted with beading, its an eczema 5 of sequins, rough, gullied, riven, puckered with stitchery† (Emanuel, Par. 2 lines 5, 6, 7). †Bouquet of a woman’s body, or its armor and it fits like a glove.† She is saying she becomes the decorations, comparing her body to a bouquet of flowers, the dress acting as a vase. There is a phrase or saying in professional ballroom and salsa dancing, the man is the frame and the woman is the picture. The dress frames or outlines her body, like a vase, but she is the actual attraction inside the dress. But she is enslaved to the dress to make her look good. â€Å"When we’re in it we’re machinery.† (Emanuel, Par 4, line 13).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Right now it’s lonely locked up in the closet; while we’re busy fussing at our vanity† (Emanuel, Par. 5, 6 Lines 15, 16, 17).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tonality of this poem is consistent from beginning to end. A woman talks about a formal dress in her closet reserved for special occasions. She obviously had a very special event with the dress, probably meeting a special person or friend who made am important impact on her life. Not many of us think about any of the clothes sitting in our closet, not even the formals that stand out until we are planning an occasion we will wear the dress, or within the first few moments we bring it home. There is a hint of guilt in some of her lines, talking about the dress sitting in the closet, waiting for it to be called upon again.   This poem sums up her powerful invisible connection to the dress, talking about it like it much more than just another item. She identifies herself with the dress, almost like she is becoming another person or going into another realm of the universe when she puts on this dress.

An analysis of the budgeting in management accounting

An analysis of the budgeting in management accounting With the fast development of in the area of management accounting, more and more managers are aware of the importance of the budgeting, budgeting is an important control system in almost all organizations (Stephen C. Hansen, Wim A. Van der Stede, 2004, Management Accounting Research, Multiple facets of budgeting: an exploratory analysis,), and it provides an expression of the steps which management must take in the current period if it is to fulfil organizational objectives. (M.W.E.Glautier and B.Underdown. (1997) Accounting Theory and Practice, p531, 6th Edition, Great Britain: PITMAN PUBLISHING). This paper will discuss that what is budgeting and the budgeting committee, the budgeting purpose and types of budget, the benefits and limitations in the budget, and how to be a successful budgeting. The budgeting process focuses on the medium term period, normally one year, and it is an expression of plan in monetary terms, which is aim to achieve the organizational objectives, as Colin Drury said the budget is a financial plan for implementing the various decisions that management has made.(Colin Drury. (2008) MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING. p10, 7th Edition, China: GENGAGE Learning) The various decisions are covered in cost and revenues, cash flow, assets and liabilities. In additional, the annual budget likely to be sub-divided for reporting periods, such as monthly budget reports, because the risk can be reduced in the monthly budgets and it helps managers easy to find the problems during the operation. In organizations, budgeting is often in the hands of a budgeting committee (M.W.E.Glautier and B.Underdown. (1997) Accounting Theory and Practice, p533, 6th Edition, Great Britain: PITMAN PUBLISHING), so the members of the budget committee is very important. For example, in the sales budgeting process, marketing department may be deliberately underestimated future sales, thus contributing to their performance evaluation. However, underestimate the quantity of sales will result in a corresponding reduction in production, which means the production will not be able to achieve the most efficient state. Another example, some department may padding the expenses in order to get more budget funds, resulting in a waste of money. Therefore, the budget committee should consist of the various important department managers, and some high-level executives be the leader. Furthermore, it usually has an accountant to be the budget officer in the budget committee, the role of the budget officer is to coordinate the individual budgets into a budget for the whole organization, so that the budget committee and the budgetee can see the impact of an individual budget on the organization as a whole. (Colin Drury. (2008) MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING. p357, 7th Edition, China: GENGAGE Learning). The budgeting purposes and types of budget setting There are six useful purposes of budgeting, which are planning, coordinating, communicating, motivating, controlling and evaluating. Therefore, the budget will help managers through the planned activities to determine the target of the organisation and allowed managers to consider all possible situations. however it not only to reflect projected revenue and expenditure budget as of the amount of financial figures, the budget is a kind of resource allocation, input and output of the program content, quantity, and the input-output timing details. Through the budget, so that business managers can have clear objectives. In addition, the budget serves as a vehicle through which the actions of the different parts of an organization can be brought together and reconciled into a common plan. (Colin Drury. (2008) MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING. P355, 7th Edition, China: GENGAGE Learning) and it is an effective way of the communication in the organization. Managers and staff can be motivated b y the budget because of it can help to enhance the predictability and avoid blind behavior and thereby to motivate they to complete the objectives. The Budget is based on quantitative way to show management standards, it can thus be judged according to the budget implementation effectiveness of the work and analyze differences improve their work. Two types of the budget setting are top down and bottom up. The table of illustration as following TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP OVERALL BUDGET FUNCTIONAL BUDGETS DEPARTMENTAL BUDGETS In the top down way, it typically start with overall budget then broken down into functional budgets and then into departmental. If budget setting is top down, it can be directly link to the organization objectives and reflected to the authority and mandatory of budget. However, it may be limited of the information from lower levels thus that separated from reality and may reduce the effect of budget in planning, coordination and control. On the other hand, in the bottom up way, it typically start with departmental budgets then build up into functional budgets and then into overall budget. Similarly, if budget setting is bottom up, although it can solve the lack of the information from lower levels, but the exchange of information in each department may be not enough thus plans of one department is conflict with others, therefore the lack of coordination will arise. To solve those problems, the budget setting should be repeated between individuals and the budget committee. Firstly, the objectives proposed by the budget committee, such as the quantity of sales, production costs and target profits. Next, use those indicators to discuss with the various departments in order to reach an agreement, and then the budget committee will based on the agreement to determine the master budget and give to the departments. After this, the various departments based on the master budget to set out departmental budgets and build up into functional budgets. Finally, the budget committee use those individuals budget to set out the final master budget and gives to each department. The benefits and limitations The budget has some benefits to the organization, and it will show in the figure as follow: Provide a basis for a system of control Budgets Provide a system of authorization Help co-ordinate the various sections of the business Motivate managers to better performance Promote forward thinking and identification of short-term (Perter Atrill. Eddie McLaney. (2008) Accounting and Finance for Non- specialists. P312. 6th edition. Essex: Prentice Hall Europe.) However, the budget has also been found a number of limitations, such as the time lag in the system, which means the results of last month may not be reported in time and be delayed to next month or later. Moreover, there will always be some changes in the organization during the budget period; such as the shortage of funds, labour and materials, and the budget may be impacted thus the objective of organization cannot achieve the optimal state. To be successful budgeting As we have discussed in this paper, there are some limitations of the budget, and those limitations may lead to it hard to implement and dissatisfaction may express regarding how budgeting operates in practice. The following is some way to solve those problems and make the budgeting more successful. Firstly, the budget should be always concerned to achieve the objectives of organization, and need to avoid to only focus on its own target, the reasons of the budget may only focus on its own target and forget the objectives is that it may not properly reflect the requirements of objectives.. In order to prevent the replacement of the budget target, it should enable the budget to more reflect with the organizations objectives. Secondly, the budgeting should be flexibility, it because of that business conditions are always changing. Although we have planned the business conditions for the situation may occur in the future and make appropriate action to deal with changes, but on the one hand the budget setting cannot cover everything, and on the other hand the situations are always changing that some problems cannot be foresee. Therefore, it is necessary to view the budgeting process as a guide to future action, rather than a rigid plan which must be followed irrespective of changing circumstances.(M.W.E.Glautier and B.Underdown. (1997) Accounting Theory and Practice, p532, 6th Edition, Great Britain: PITMAN PUBLISHING) Conclusion In conclusion, budgeting is an important tool for management planning and control, and it has some useful functions for businesses and organizations, but it also has great limitations. The key point in the budgeting is make the benefits of it to be maximum, and reduce the limitations and solve problems during the period, thereby the budgeting can be achieved the most effective level. References ¼Ã… ¡ Colin Drury. (2008) MANAGEMENT AND COST ACCOUNTING. 7th Edition, China: GENGAGE Learning M.W.E.Glautier and B.Underdown. (1997) Accounting Theory and Practice. 6th Edition, Great Britain: PITMAN PUBLISHING Perter Atrill. Eddie McLaney. (2008) Accounting and Finance for Non- specialists. 6th edition. Essex: Prentice Hall Europe. Stephen C. Hansen, Wim A. Van der Stede. (2004) The electronic journal: Management Accounting Research, Multiple facets of budgeting: an exploratory analysis. P415-439. ScienceDirect [online] ¼Ã… ½ Available at ¼Ã… ¡http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6WMY-4DN9VP9-1_user=128592_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1095268002_rerunOrigin=google_acct=C000010620_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=128592md5=f55e2a67d72ee304d2f1bc3f24de73eb

Entrapment and Confinement :: essays research papers

People encounter restrictions and restraints daily: doors, walls, gates. The most frequently used and arduous are those that are intangible, be it in a job or social life, whether physical or emotional, literal or figurative. Both the tangible and intangible are seen in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Crysanthemums†. Though written by members of the opposite sex, both authors are able to capture the feelings of physical and emotional imprisonment that causes a gradual mental breakdown. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† traces the treatment of a woman who descends from depression to madness in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room, while the wife, Elisa, in â€Å"The Crysanthemums†, reflects an internal struggle with herself to find her place in a world of definite gender roles. The situations of the two women are similar: talents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the husb ands and times of the women, which leads to hysteria; though similar, the women to conduct themselves ways drastically different from one another, which determines whether the women lose their sanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Elisa Allen of â€Å"The Crysanthemums† both have husbands who fancy the idea of knowing what their wives want and need. With such attitudes and beliefs, these men contribute to the feeling of confinement that ultimately leads to the loss of sanity of their wives. The narrator’s husband also assumes that he knows what is best for his wife. He thinks isolation and confinement will cure her â€Å"nervous depression.† Nevertheless, this â€Å"cure† makes her weak; it transforms her into a woman gone mad. On the way to dinner, Elisa asks her husband about the fights and his immediate reply is, â€Å"We can go if you want, but I don’t think you would like them much.† He cannot fathom the idea that she may actually enjoy this non-feminine event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two women follow the pattern of those going mad: eventually, they begin to see things and form relationships with the images that reside only in their minds. The narrator gives into the figments of her imagination and begins to metamorphose this â€Å"thing† she imagines behind the wallpaper as a hallucinogenic image of herself. This â€Å"woman† becomes a deadly combination: best friend and worst enemy. She views the woman as trapped, and, in order to free herself from this non-fulfilling life, she must free the woman. Elisa also receives an uninvited guest, a tinker who she perceives as the perfect emblem of freedom.

Culture and Values Terms :: essays research papers

High and Popular Culture High culture is a term referring to the "best of breed" (from some elitist viewpoints) cultural products. What falls in this category is defined by the most powerful sections of society, i.e. its social, political, economic and intellectual elite. The opposite of high cultural art forms, such as the opera, historic art, classical music, traditional theatre or literature; popular culture includes many forms of cultural communication including newspapers, television, advertising, comics, pop music, radio, cheap novels, movies, jazz, etc. In the beginning of the 20th Century, "high art" was the realm of the wealthy and educated classes while popular culture or "low art" was considered commercial entertainment for the lower classes. In the 1950s and 60s the gap between high and low art closed with the rise of Pop Art. Post colonialism This term describes the situation in existence since a majority of countries have achieved their political independence from Britain and other Western European powers such as Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, Belgium and Germany. Post colonialism describes the cultural, intellectual, political, and literary movement of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries characterized by the representation and analysis of the historical experiences of the victims, individuals and nations, of colonial power. A recent site of postcolonial change in the English-speaking world is the formal overthrowing of the "apartheid" system in South Africa. Post colonialism has transformed our sense of what we are about; and such impressive changes will naturally have important implications on English studies. Multiculturalism Similar to Post colonialism, multiculturalism has transformed our sense of what society and culture is about. Multiculturalism describes the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups co-existing in harmony in the same society. The existence of multiculturalism in the Western World today has expanded the English literary world, displacing the narrow notions of literature and increasing recognition of non-Western-European genres of writing, oral performance and cultural production for example legends, histories, laws, fables, anecdotes, oratory, song, chant, and song and dance. Culture itself is a broad term, therefore there are various views on what multicultural can mean. It can describe the existence of a multiracial society, in which case emphasis is placed on people's physical attributes i.e. Hair texture and skin colour. It can also describe the existence of multiethnic society, where the emphasis is placed more on people's social organisation or cu lture rather than physical make-up. Cultural differences of all kinds that exist in society can also describe the term multiculturalism, including differences of class, rank, caste, sexuality, gender, occupation, region, age etc. Culture and Values Terms :: essays research papers High and Popular Culture High culture is a term referring to the "best of breed" (from some elitist viewpoints) cultural products. What falls in this category is defined by the most powerful sections of society, i.e. its social, political, economic and intellectual elite. The opposite of high cultural art forms, such as the opera, historic art, classical music, traditional theatre or literature; popular culture includes many forms of cultural communication including newspapers, television, advertising, comics, pop music, radio, cheap novels, movies, jazz, etc. In the beginning of the 20th Century, "high art" was the realm of the wealthy and educated classes while popular culture or "low art" was considered commercial entertainment for the lower classes. In the 1950s and 60s the gap between high and low art closed with the rise of Pop Art. Post colonialism This term describes the situation in existence since a majority of countries have achieved their political independence from Britain and other Western European powers such as Spain, France, Portugal, Holland, Belgium and Germany. Post colonialism describes the cultural, intellectual, political, and literary movement of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries characterized by the representation and analysis of the historical experiences of the victims, individuals and nations, of colonial power. A recent site of postcolonial change in the English-speaking world is the formal overthrowing of the "apartheid" system in South Africa. Post colonialism has transformed our sense of what we are about; and such impressive changes will naturally have important implications on English studies. Multiculturalism Similar to Post colonialism, multiculturalism has transformed our sense of what society and culture is about. Multiculturalism describes the status of several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural groups co-existing in harmony in the same society. The existence of multiculturalism in the Western World today has expanded the English literary world, displacing the narrow notions of literature and increasing recognition of non-Western-European genres of writing, oral performance and cultural production for example legends, histories, laws, fables, anecdotes, oratory, song, chant, and song and dance. Culture itself is a broad term, therefore there are various views on what multicultural can mean. It can describe the existence of a multiracial society, in which case emphasis is placed on people's physical attributes i.e. Hair texture and skin colour. It can also describe the existence of multiethnic society, where the emphasis is placed more on people's social organisation or cu lture rather than physical make-up. Cultural differences of all kinds that exist in society can also describe the term multiculturalism, including differences of class, rank, caste, sexuality, gender, occupation, region, age etc.

The Role of a Critical Care Nurse

In the article, Legal Aspects of End of Life Care. author, Nurse Claire M. McGowan, explains that when performing the role of a critical care nurse acting as the advocate for the patient, his/her family, and significant others, it Is essential that the nurse has an understanding of legal implications associated with end of life care. McGowan goes on to provide information on the legal principles involved In end-of-life care, specifically addressing: limitations in treatment, assessing capacity and using surrogate decision makers and medical futility.In order to explain limitations in reatment, McGowan begins by listing what the courts have established as Ilfe sustaining treatments which include: mechanical ventilation, blood transfusions, dialysis, chemotherapy, artificial nutrition, and hydration. Although a competent or incompetent terminally ill patient with advances directives has the right has to refuse these treatments, there are rare cases when the state court may override tha t right: preservation of life, prevention of suicide, protection of third parties such as children, and preserving the Integrity of the medical profession (McGowan, 2011).Next, ccording to McGowan, if a patient is deemed incompetent the patient may be assigned a surrogate to make decisions on their behalf with respect to their advance directives. If a there is no advanced directive or surrogate appointed to the patient then the medical team may determine the plan of care for the patient (McGowan, 2011 Lastly, McGowan addresses medical futility, defined, as such, when treatment is no longer deemed a benefit to the patient. According to McGowan, arriving at this determination and accepting futility Is often stressful, inciting disagreements between the patients/surrogates and medical professionals involved.In order to resolve conflicting Interests, McGowan suggests a variety of methods that can be utilized to improve communication between the two parties including: making attempts to negotiate understanding between parties as to what constitutes futile care before conflict arises, using joint decision making, and using consultants to reach satisfactory resolution of disagreements. If these methods fail to help unite the parties' decision an ethics committee may be utilized to reach a determination, the patient may be transferred to another medical provider within the institution or to another Institution altogether (McGowan, 2011).In my opinion, Nurse McGowan clearly presented how important it is for a critical care nurse to have a working knowledge of the legal aspects of end of life care and how he/she can help to make sure that the patient's rights are respectfully carried out either directly or indirectly during end of life. After reading this article, It was impressed upon me that since the nurse is the main point of contact with the patient, family, and significant others during treatment, It becomes the responsibility of the nurse to help mediate conflict s that may arise during care, in order to protect the patient's best interests.

Secularization

Historically, â€Å"secularization† first referred to the process of transferring property from religious jurisdiction to that of the state or other no religious authority. In this organizational sense, â€Å"secularization† still means the decline of formal religious authority for example; in education, prisons, and hotel room bedside tables. Institutional secularization has been fueled by the breakdown of a unified Christendom since the Reformation, on the one hand, and by the increasing validation of society and culture from the Enlightenment to modern scientific society, on the other. Some political analysts prefer the term â€Å"laicization† to describe this institutional secularization of society, that is, the replacement of official religious control by no religious authority. [1][2] It is clear that these two forces represent opposite tendencies of thought. To insist upon the principles of traditional Christianity is to rob modern views of its very life; it opposes pessimism to the optimism of modern thought. And yet reconciliation between the two is not absolutely impossible. It can take place, however, only as the result of a modification of the current view of Christianity. A new conception of religion must make itself felt, and this change can be readily effected. It must center on the person of Jesus and must abandon its dogmatic system. In the person and in the preaching of Christ, as an historical phenomenon, we have the basis for an understanding between Christianity and the culture of our day. Jesus himself never accepted the total corruption of man as the basis of his preaching. Rather it was an ideal of moral perfection that he held up to his believers–of life in God and activity according to his will. 2] Secularism has also influenced Western art since the Classical period, while most art of the last 200 years has been produced without suggestion to religion and often with no particular ideology at all. On the other hand, Western art has often been influenced by politics of one kind or another, of the state, of the benefactor and of the artist. While institutional and ideological secularization have been preceded at the same time over the past few centuries, the relationship between the two is not exact or necessary. Even in a medieval, Constantinian setting, formally religious in character, men and women were not untouched from having their life, thought, and work shaped by secular influences. In an institutionally secular (laicized) society it is possible for individuals and groups to live, think, and work in ways that are motivated and guided by God and religion. [1] With a great deal of emphasis on contemporary discussions of Christianity and secularism the confrontational Letters and Papers from Prison penned by writer, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, because the work is incomplete leaves much to the imagination and not enough fact. Bonhoeffer's notions start heavy debates on the meaning and implications starting with titles like: â€Å"Christian worldliness,† â€Å"man-come-of-age,† the world's arrival at â€Å"adulthood,† and the need for a â€Å"non-religious interpretation of Biblical terminology. † Other writers Friedrich Gogarten (The Reality of Faith, 1959), Paul van Buren (The Secular Meaning of the Gospel, 1963), Harvey Cox (The Secular City, 1965), Ronald Gregor Smith (Secular Christianity, 1966), and the â€Å"death-of-God†: all leave little to the imagination just as Bonhoeffer’s does. These are examples of those who have shadowed one possible course. Kenneth Hamilton (Life in One's Stride, 1968) denies that this is the best way to interpret Bonhoeffer and argues that these writers hesitated in his indispensable, orthodox attitude. [2] Of course, the differences between the sacred and the secular is an undeniable gap; In the same way that God speaks and acts Christians must speak and act inventively and full of redemption for there actions. In all cases, Christian life in the secular world is to be carried out under the Lordship of Jesus Christ and in compliance to the will of God rather than the will of the world. Christians may work to ensure that the Word of God is heard and is given room among the many other voices which will constitute the diverse whole. To insist that the Word of God be imposed on all without exception is to fall once again into an unbiblical oppression. To fail to articulate the Word of God in the saeculum, however, is to give in in a secularism which, by excluding the Creator, can lead only to death. Deliverance from sin and forgiveness of sin were indeed emphasized in his preaching; but his dominant thought was that of struggle toward an ideal moral life. This is the idea that must take possession of modern Christianity, if it is to be reconciled with modern views and civilization and to win for itself the educated classes. Not as a dogmatic system, but as a moral power, based on the powerful personality of Jesus, must Christianity be proclaimed to the thinking people of our times?

Personnel Administration

Personnel Administration This lesson complies with the following course outcomes: CO 3: To analyze the policy and decision making process in public administration CO 5 : To discuss the importance of ethics in public administration Synopsis While the country’s public administration is considered an important machinery of the government, the people; men and women who devote their time more than eight hours a day are the key to successful public service. The public administrators of any country share the same goal to deliver services as best as possible to the citizen.Unlike their counterpart in the private sector, employees of the public sector made up a huge team of officers and staff paid through public fund to deliver services. In Malaysia alone, the public service is an employer to more than 1 million people around the country. Thus, the administration of these personnel surely isn’t a joking business. As time goes by and with the introduction of sophisticated managem ent systems and technologies, the personnel of the public service need to be trained and re-trained continuously to keep up. 89Personnel Administration in the Public Sector While the country’s public administration is considered an important machinery of the government, the people; men and women who devote their time more than eight hours a day are the key to successful public service. The public administrators of any country share the same goal to deliver services as best as possible to the citizen. Unlike their counterpart in the private sector, employees of the public sector made up a huge team of officers and staff paid through public fund to deliver services. In Malaysia alone, the ublic service is an employer to more than 1 million people around the country. Thus, the administration of these personnel surely isn’t a joking business. As time goes by and with the introduction of sophisticated management systems and technologies, the personnel of the public service need to be trained and re-trained continuously to keep up. So, who are these massive staff of the public service? Of course, they must be people with good calibre and worthy to be appointed into the service. One of the most important characteristics of modern public personnel dministration is the merit system or a system of appointment and promotion based on recognized ability and capability such as tertiary education, skills and experience. Historically, Prussia, one of the constituent states of what was to become modern Germany, was the first modern nation to institute a merit system. It was this German civil service that inspired Max Weber’s famous â€Å"ideal-type† bureaucratic model. In 1789, this system was The mertit system adopted by France, British-India in 1830s and in Britain in 1850s. 1 pposses any criteria of recruitment and promotion based on political preferences, nepotism and discrimination, also known as the â€Å"spoils system†. 1 Jay Shafritz, Albert Hyde and David Rosenbloom (1986). Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, New York: Marcel Dekker. 90 With the huge number of staff working for the public service, government ought to give attention to their welfare and career advancement. You see, working with the public service is actually a career because government provide opportunity for each staff to improve himself/herself throughout heir years of service. They can be trained, promoted, and transferred for job enrichment. All these are done through what we called public personnel administration. Public personnel administration covers â€Å"all activities that forecast on the number and type of employees which an organization will need and then find, and develop them with necessary skills† (Robert D. Gatewood). It is â€Å"concerning both the management of and the policy making for people, and positions in the government bureaucracy† (Nicholas Henry). Important functions of Personnel Adm inistrationSome of the most important functions of personnel administration include the followings: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Formulation of rules and regulations for an appointment which include terms and conditions of employment Establishment of suitable and reasonable remuneration system or the reward system Recruitment Promotion to encourage the most suitable and qualified people to apply and fill in the job Provision of attractive and long term career development Provision of sufficient and suitable training and development Application of fair and just disciplinary system Provision of fair and equitable welfare system Application of attractive pension system upon retirement 91As a career employment, each job in the public sector is well thought of before initializing recruitment. The government is very careful in identifying the needs of each job. For example, a government’s clerk should be able to conduct functions that are required from him/her at whichever department or agency. That is why the basic requirements needed for a person to fill in the post of a government clerk would be the same across the country. Thus, the government would need to enlist those needed requirements and advertise them to encourage qualified persons to apply and finally fill in the post. The process can be applied to all jobs within the public sector. The government should also be an ‘equal opportunity employer’.What it means is that public sector jobs should not only open to specific races, gender or religious background. The government must be an employer to all. However, there are some posts in the government that would require special criteria and skills. Take for example, anyone who would like to join the armed forces, police force or any other regimented bodies should pass the medical tests. This requirement cannot be considered as discriminating against those who are medically unfit. It is just that some occupations would require individual who possesses certain skills and capabilities. When one is hired into the service, the job should prepare him/her for further advancement.This is done through training, development, transfer, attachment and promotion. Employees undergo annual appraisal process in which the department would be able to tell the persons about their performances and readiness to shoulder more important responsibilities. These processes are well explained in Max Weber ideal-type bureaucracy as you have learned in the previous lessons. Among them is the guaranteed reward or compensation paid to the employees in terms of monthly salary. Now lets us look at the different processes of personnel administration. 92 Human Resource Planning In the previous section, I have briefly explained some of the processes involved in human resource planning.Planning is a very important aspect of personnel administration. If you failed in your personnel planning, then the productivity o f the organization will be at stake. According to Edgar Schein, â€Å"†¦ if you wrongly hired a person to any posts, then you would need to spend a lot of money to train and re-train the person to put him/her at par with requirements of the job†. Well, that is considered if he/she has the right attitude. It the public sector, there are numerous rules and procedures to follow that once a person is hired, it is difficult to fire under normal circumstances. Thus, taking in the right the person for a particular job is very, very critical.It all begins proper planning for the job by the personnel manager or administrator. Firstly, the manager should perform an in depth study about what the job will perform and ultimately a ‘list of duties or functions’ will be made ready for the job. Some call it the ‘job specifications’. Second, the manager needs to identify the right qualifications, skills and experiences of the potential candidate. Third, the mana ger also needs to ascertain the remuneration and other allowances for the candidate. Forth, the manager should also concern in identifying various training programs for the candidate’s later professional development. Criteria and Methods of RecruitmentWhen a public manager has prepared the request for a new post or to fill in a vacant post, approval needs to be gained from the higher authorities. This may refer to a higher office such as from a district office to the state office, from state office to the main office say in Putrajaya or from the main office to the Central Agency, Public Service Department (JPA). The request from the original manager will be studied and upon approval from the central agency, the request will be submitted to the Public Service Commission (SPA) for recruitment exercise. Some agencies are given the empowerment to hire when JPA has granted the ‘warrant to hire’. However, most hiring by government departments except for part time and c ontractual jobs are conducted by the SPA. 93Some of the criteria that will be considered for hiring purposes would include the followings: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Academic qualification Age Skill (technical staff) Working experiences Health Working ability Attitude (cooperation, passion and etc) Interest in work The recruiting bodies (either SPA or the relevant agencies) would first need to advertise vacancies in a wide communication medium. This would include newspapers, television and radio channels, websites, letters to associations etc. It is very important that the government use all these mediums to reach almost everyone that are qualified to fulfill its role as an equal-opportunity-employer. Candidates will then be short-listed and call for interviews. The persons who are responsible to conduct interviews should be well prepared and equipped with instruments or questions that are relevant.Since interview sessions would certainly make ca ndidate exposed some of their own personal information, the interviewers should exercise confidentiality and professionalism. At the end of the process, when a candidate is selected, he/she would receive a letter of appointment together with the job specifications, remunerations and terms of the appointment. Training and Development New staff is at their best when they first joined the organization. However, as time goes by, he/she would need training and development to continue to be relevant to the organization. New methods of doing a job, technology and skills change almost everyday. Thus, every employee needs to be trained and re-trained.The public is very generous in proving fund for employees’ training and development. So, it is not surprising that each one of then should fulfill at least 36 hours of training time in a year. Some organizations provide more than 36 hours! 94 Training and development encompasses three main activities: training, education, and development. Training refers to activities that are focused upon the enriching the job a particular staff is currently holding. They are meant to help him/her to perform well in the job. They can be conducted on the job or can also be held outside the organization. Training is makes the person more competent in the things he/she does. 2 Training is an event.Training has a beginning and end. Participants are exposed to knowledge and skills associated with new concepts during the event. Many organizations think, all we have to do is conduct some training and everyone will embrace the new: strategy, system, method, process, procedure, tactic or tool. They will go back to work the next day, use the new way and execute flawlessly within a short period of time. 3 Training usually refers to some kind of organized (and finite it time) event — a seminar, workshop that has a specific beginning data and end date. It's often a group activity, but the word training is also used to refer to specific i nstruction done one on one. Education activities focus on the jobs that an individual may potentially hold in the future. These activities are planned to move up an individual staff to a higher position and responsibility. 5 Finally, development focuses on activities that the organization plan to continuously improve an employee not only his/her skills but also attitude, esprit d’ coup, productivity and quality. Development is a process. IT is a much bigger, inclusive â€Å"thing†. For example, if a manager pairs up a relatively new employee with a more experienced employee to help the new employee learns about the job, that's really employee development. If a manager coaches and employee in an on-gong way, that's employee development.Or, employees may rotate job responsibilities to learn about the jobs of their colleagues and gain experience so they might eventually have more promotion opportunities. That's employee development. Thomas N. Garavan, Pat Costine, and Nor een Heraty (1995). â€Å"Training and Development: Concepts, Attitudes, and Issues†. Training and Development in Ireland. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 1. 3 4 2 http://ezinearticles. com/? Whats-The-Difference-Between-Training-and-Developmen t? &id=1038575 http://performance-appraisals. org/faq/trainingdevelopment. htm Derek Torrington, Laura Hall, and Stephen Taylor (2004). Human Resource Management. Pearson Education. pp. 363 5 95 Different Kinds of Training and Development 1. On-the-job Training and LecturesThe two most frequently used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, although little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It is usually impossible to teach someone everything she needs to know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training often supplements other kinds of training, e. g. , classroom or off-site training; but on-the-job training is frequently the only form of training. It is usually informal, which means, unfor tunately, that the trainer does not concentrate on the training as much as she should, and the trainer may not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice needs to learn.On-the-job training is not successful when used to avoid developing a training program, though it can be an effective part of a well-coordinated training program. Lectures are used because of their low cost and their capacity to reach many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication as opposed to interactive learning techniques, are much criticized as a training device. 2. Programmed Instruction (PI) These devices systematically present information to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement principles to promote appropriate responses. When PI was originally developed in the 1950s, it was thought to be useful only for basic subjects.Today the method is used for skills as diverse as air traffic control, blueprint reading, and the analysis of tax returns. 3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) With CAI, students can learn at their own pace, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the computer, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Educational alternatives can be quickly selected to suit the student's capabilities, and performance can be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance. 96 4. Audiovisual Techniques Both television and film extend the range of skills that can be taught and the way information may be presented. Many systems have electronic blackboards and slide projection equipment.The use of techniques that combine audiovisual systems such as closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new term for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on † Sesame Street † illustrates the design and evaluation of one of television's favorite children's program as a training device. 5. Simulations Training simulations replicate the essential charac teristics of the real world that are necessary to produce both learning and the transfer of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Both machine and other forms of simulators exist. Machine simulators often have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that is, they represent the real world's operational equipment.The main purpose of simulation, however, is to produce psychological fidelity, that is, to reproduce in the training those processes that will be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, including to control the training environment, for safety, to introduce feedback and other learning principles, and to reduce cost. 6. Business games They are the direct progeny of war games that have been used to train officers in combat techniques for hundreds of years. Almost all early business games were designed to teach basic business skills, but more recent games also include interpersonal skills. Monopoly might be considered the quintessential business game for young capitalists.It is probably the first place youngsters learned the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail. Source : http://ezinearticles. com/? Six-Types-of-Training-and-Development-Techniques&id=1944536 97 Roles of Public Service Commission (PSC) and Public Service Department (PSD) There are constellation of information from the SPA and JPA websites about their functions, history and other things that you can learn from. Please visit these two websites and perhaps you want to ask them something related to this course. Good Luck! Public Service Commission (PSC) Website. Public Service Department (PSD) Website. 98 Lesson 7 Assignments Please check with your Seminar Facilitator for a list of assignments for this lesson. 99 100 Similar essay: Theories Actually Seen in Practice in Ojt